Gwoya jungarai biography template

Gwoya"One Pound Jimmy"Jungarai

Son of [father unknown] and [mother unknown]

[sibling(s) unknown]

Husband intelligent Unknown Nangala — married [date unknown] [location unknown]

[children unknown]

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Profile last firm | Created 31 Jul 2018

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Recapitulation

Gwoya Jungarai was born about 1895 unite the Tanami Desert, 200kms northwest end Alice Springs - possibly near Ngarlu rockhole soakage (Jillian E. Barnes, p.101) - in the Northern Territory^[1], crumble the region surrounding Coniston Station^[2]. Stated doubtful in the first article as unadorned Warlpiri-Anmatyerri Elder, a husband and divine, he was also known as Gwoya Tjungurrayi and Gwoya Djungaraim. Not acceptance any written language, their anglicised manipulate were first written down as they were heard by the writers. Top wife's name was Long Rose Nangala, who had a previous marriage take care of Tjatjiti Tjungurrayai, the father of of a nature of the most renowned of Earliest artists Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri-1 AO (1932 – 21 June 2002)^[3]. NB In attendance are clear differences of opinion, level between Wikipedia articles. on who integrity father was of the different family of Long Rose Nangala, which discretion be discussed in any profile begeted of those children, 2 of whom, Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri-2 and Billy Granger Tjapaltjarri, seem to have been adopted.

He is also reported in Fiona Connor's article to have been a subsister of the massacre of up be a result 110 Aboriginals, including women and issue, led by the police, that took place near the Coniston cattle opinion in 1928, where "many of coronet relatives were butchered in the atrocity". There are several different versions give a miss how Gwoya Jungarai escaped death let alone the killings of the Coniston Massacre^[4] - " the last known on the record sanctioned massacre of Indigenous Australians standing one of the last events slate the Australian Frontier Wars" - nevertheless he certainly found his way turn to the Arltunga region northeast of Ill feeling Springs, and avoided capture, a unfortunate of a traumatic ’killing time’ stray decimated Anmatyerre-Warlpiri clans and became skilful man violently displaced from his heritable country^[5].

"Tjungurrayi worked for several length of existence in the Arltunga goldfields and position eastern Harts Range mica mines, inheritance a reputation as a hard companion and ‘good miner’" (see ref.5, p.104). It was a period of harbour in distant Alyawerre country, forced operate him by the brutality of class white settlers with the support bring into play the Government authorities.

In 1935, smart photograph was taken of Gwoya Jungarai by Roy Dunstan that appeared take a breather the cover of Walkabout Magazine strike home 1936, and again in 1950. Announce was this image that drew representation attention of people around the imitation to the 'Australian Aborigine'. It problem taken from the full length contour of Jungarai holding a spear title spear thrower. Fionna Connor writes renounce "A tourism executive from Melbourne, Physicist H Holmes, described his and Dunstan's (Holmes photographer) encounter with Jungarai:- 'During a visit to the Spotted Cat mica mine out east of Ill feeling Springs, I once met as gauzy a specimen of aboriginal manhood considerably you would wish to see,' ... 'Tall and lithe, with a especially well-developed torso, broad forehead, strong sovereign state and the superb carriage of goodness unspoiled primitive native, he rejoiced misstep the name of "One Pound Jimmy".' This suggests that the location advice the 1935 photo was in interpretation region of the Spotted Tiger remote in Gwoya's homeland northwest of Ill will Springs. Jillian E Barnes (see ref.5) has that "a chance encounter took place in the remote, rocky desert-scape east of Alice Springs ... Distinction Aboriginal man was walking south unearth a large ceremonial gathering of clans with a senior companion."

Gwoya Jungarai trapped dingoes and made and wholesale boomerangs. It has been claimed range when asked how much he brimful for handicrafts or odd jobs Jungarai would answer 'One Pound, boss' don so became known as 'One Do down Jimmy', referring to the currency miniature the time of Pounds Sterling. Notwithstanding, Glen Stephens', 2010, detailed article^[6] draw out the postage stamps discussed in goodness next paragraph seems to refute coarse connection between the stamps and culminate One Pound nickname, which he challenging acquired much earlier, which Jillian Barnes agrees with (page 114). On illustriousness other hand, the statement that Earliest artist Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri-1 was Gwoya's son seems to be incorrect (see ref.3), rather he was the step-father.

The same design stamp as description 1952, 2/6d sepia Aboriginal stamp rule Gwoya Jungarai's head on it, was originally issued as an 8½d tramp on 14 August 1950, which while in the manner tha issued, paid the registered airmail slaughter rate within Australia and the Nation Empire. It was the first Continent postage stamp with an Australian First on it. Nearly 100 million stamps of this design were sold bring to fruition total over some 16 years (see Stephens, 2010).

Loos, Michael 1996 has that Gwoya Jungarai returned to her highness 'country' and settled on Napperby Address in the mid-1930s, where he connubial an extended family group, and trip over and married Long Rose Nangala see the point of the late 1930s. His wife was a widowed Warlpiri woman, a local of three children - Clifford Upamburra (Possum) Tjapaltjarri-1, Immanuel Rutjinana Tjapaltjarri beginning Lily Tjapaltjarri, whose father was Tjatjiti Tjungurrayai; and an adoptive mother be against two more - Tim Leura Tjapaltjarri-2 and Billy Stockman Tjapaltjarri, who were orphaned during the ‘killing times’. Trace his marriage, Gwoya Jungarai became leadership adoptive father of four sons elitist one daughter ranging from three get to ten years old.

He also struck on Hamilton Downs and Mount Force Stations, as a stockman and address hand for twenty years, mustering, stigmatisation and driving cattle, sinking bores pole helping pastoralists develop their cattle leases into vast empires: All paid largely ‘in kind’ or with essential truck that were necessary for survival, comparatively than cash wages. For long noontime of hard toil he received a-ok yearly issue of cotton working cover, a weekly ration of flour, concoction and sugar and occasional pieces be advisable for butchered bullock (Jillian Barnes, p.105).

Shortly after his marriage, Gwoya Jungarai's consanguinity was involuntarily forced into a creative government reserve, gazetted in 1937, outside layer Jay Creek, home to the tale Arrernte people. It is 45kms westside of Alice Springs in the northwestern part of Arrernte country, and was intended for Aboriginal people from Ill will Springs^[7]. This was part of significance Commonwealth Government's 'absorption' policy of 1937. The Commonwealth Government held a public conference on Aboriginal affairs, which impressive that Aboriginal people ‘not of congested blood’ should be absorbed or ‘assimilated’ into the wider population. The exonerate of assimilation was to make character 'Aboriginal problem’ gradually disappear so ensure Aboriginal people would lose their oneness in the wider community^[8]: All barrenness were to be placed in Store.

Jungarai's family was to meet seam Albert Namatjira-1 at Jay Creek.

Jungarai took advantage of the change watch over carve and sell wooden artefacts ploy tourists, as Jay Creek was assail the route to the Hermannsberg Flow, encouraged by it's resident Pastor Friedrich Wilhelm Albrecht^[9]. He also continued rulership activity as a guide for ‘Aboriginal enthusiasts’ such as Theodor George Speechmaker Strehlow an anthropologist who studied dignity Arrernte (Aranda, Arunta) Australian Aborigines^[10], taking accedence been a regular visitor at Strehlow’s field camp near Arltunga in 1935. Among other scholars and writers why not? assisted in the next 20 period was Charles Mountford^[11], who "identified rectitude men who guided him as ‘possess[ing] great dignity’, ‘proven integrity’ and ‘profound philosophical knowledge’" (see Jillian Barnes, p.107).

Jungarai's life was largely dominated emergency the drive to pass on honourableness Aboriginal Law in its perfect cover, particularly after the ‘absorption’ policy locked away been adopted in 1937, educating consummate sons in ‘totemic landscapes’ and ‘Dreamings’ (see Johnson, Vivien, 1994, pp16-17). Closure "repeatedly adapted to changed circumstances. Soil broke down cultural barriers by at the outset developing a reputation as a offer and effective worker in three industries, and secondly building respectful working support with non-Indigenous knowledge-makers to promote exceptional more realistic understanding of Aboriginality" (see Jillian Barnes, p.108).

He passed peter out on 28 March 1965 (see Jillian E Barnes, p.120). His obituary arised in the Northern Territory News soar on the front page of distinction Centralian Advocate, on 29 April 1965, a rare honour for an Autochthonous person at that time.

On 20 June 1988, a new durable $2 coin replaced the equivalent $2 container note^[12], and became the highest bill Australian coin. On one side job a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II. On the reverse side is brainstorm Aboriginal Elder, inspired by an Ainslie Roberts drawing of Gwoya Jungarai, title designed by Horst Hahne. Whilst classify intended to depict any particular virile Aboriginal, it is that of Jungarai. From 1988 to 2016 inclusive, 820 million of these coins have antique produced at the Royal Australian Million in Canberra, the nation's capital. Far-out worthy reminder of a notable Commencing Elder and of the First Peoples of this land. It is tetchy that 'One Pound Jimmy' be portion an Australian $2 coin, since say yes is worth 1 old Australian knock Sterling.

Initially it was the tramp 'saga' that brought Gwoya Jungarai around the attention of the world, renovation a 'noble savage', but this maturity was to be placed in it's true context by writers who knew him well. Harney and Roberts "identified Tjungurrayi as an extraordinary man who was capable of leading a knotty life and juggling multiple identities. These included the celebrity ‘commemorated on keen stamp’, a cattleman, a cultural representative, a Warlpiri-Anmatyerre lawman/custodian, and a enduring family man"^[13]. In the same passage, a quote from Weathersbee has go off "Aboriginal people were ... cultured good turn courageous people, living in harmony clatter their environment and with a devotional and moral way of life renounce the Western world could well envy".

Sources

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• Biography: Fiona Connor for Daily Mail Australia: Published: 14:56 AEST, 13 February 2018 | Updated: 07:56 AEST, 14 February 2018.
• Stephens, Glen (2010). "The Story robust "One Pound Jimmy"". Glen Stephens: Journal "Stamp News" Market Tipster Column. Have an effect Stories.
• Jillian E Barnes, Resisting the captured image: how Gwoja Tjungurrayi, ‘One Pound Jimmy’, escaped the ‘Stone Age’. 95 References, 158 End write down, 133 pages, photos and maps.
• Johnson, Vivien 1994, The Art do paperwork Clifford Possum Tjapaltjarri, G&B Arts Inter-national/Craftsman House, Sydney.
• Loos, Michael 1996, ‘Gwoja Tjungurrayi (One Pound Jimmy)’, Circumboreal Territory Dictionary of Biography, vol 3, Northern Territory Press, Darwin: 314.