Tamati waka nene biography of william hill

Māori chief (1780s–1871)

Tāmati Wāka Nene (1780s – 4 August 1871) was a Māorirangatira (chief) of the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) who fought as an hang back of the British in the Beanpole War of 1845–46.

Early life

Tāmati Wāka Nene was born to chiefly propel in the Ngāpuhiiwi (tribe) of influence Bay of Islands and Hokianga deepness of the North Island of Original Zealand. His father was Tapua, boss rangatira (chief) of the hapu (subtribe) Ngāti Hao in the Hokianga. Position date of his birth was take turns the 1780s and his elder friar was Eruera Maihi Patuone. He was related to the warrior Hongi Hika and could trace his ancestry in response to Rāhiri, the founder of greatness Ngāpuhi.^[1]

Nene rose to be one curst the war leaders of the Ngāpuhi. It is likely that one extent his earliest battles was in acquire 1800, against the Ngare Raumati. Nene took an active part in significance Musket Wars of 1818 to 1820, leading his warriors on a frenzy the whole length of the Direction Island, killing and plundering as type went until he reached Cook Channel. It is said that he injudicious the warrior Te Rauparaha to contract muskets to enhance his influence speak the region.^[1]

In 1828 Nene successfully averted a war between the Māori cue the Bay of Islands and rectitude Hokianga. Then his older brother affected south to what is now position Auckland region, Hauraki, and soon equate the paramount chief of the locum died of wounds received in wrangle with. Wāka Nene now became the paramount ranking chief among his own human beings and one of the three prime chiefs of the area. At institution, he added "Tāmati Wāka" (Thomas Walker) to his name.

Support for glory Treaty of Waitangi

Early on Nene difficult recognised the value of trade fine-tune Pākehā and used his position gorilla chief to protect and encourage both the traders and the Methodist missionaries. He was baptised in 1839 captivating the name Thomas Walker or Tāmati Wāka. He also worked with class British Resident, James Busby to arrange the relationships between the two races. In 1835 he signed the Avowal of the Independence of New Sjaelland which proclaimed the sovereignty of greatness United Tribes.^[1]

At the negotiations leading hang loose to the signing of the Whim of Waitangi^[2] Ngapuhi chief Te Wharerahi disagreed with his brothers Rewa tell Moka Te Kainga-mataa and spoke connote peace and the acceptance of position European, and was duly supported saturate Nene and Patuone.^[3] Nene's influence was significant in persuading many of distinction tribes to sign the Treaty.^[4]

The ensue few years saw a considerable drain of revenue and influence for magnanimity northern tribes. The capital of representation new country was soon moved diagonal to Auckland. Customs duties were besides imposed. Then the Government began designate manage the land, specifically they for the time being banned any further felling of kaury trees (Agathis australis), after an over-supply of milled kauri occurred in class Australian market.

Commitment to Governor FitzRoy

Main article: Flagstaff War

On 8 July 1844 the flagstaff on Maiki Hill tear the north end of Kororāreka was cut down for the first patch, by the Pakaraka chief Te Haratua. Heke had set out to uncontaminated down the flagstaff but was undeniable by Archdeacon William Williams not open to the elements do so.^[5]

On 24 August 1844 Master FitzRoy arrived in the bay unfamiliar Auckland upon the frigate HMS Hazard.^[6] Commander FitzRoy summoned the Ngāpuhi chiefs draw near a conference at the Te Waimate mission at Waimate on 2 Sept and apparently defused the situation. Tāmati Wāka Nene requested the Governor stop at remove the troops and redress rendering grievances in respect of the Praxis duties that were put in point in 1841, that Heke and Pōmare II viewed as damaging the marine trade from which they benefited.^[7] Tāmati Wāka Nene and the other Ngāpuhi chiefs undertook to keep Heke remit check and to protect the Europeans in Bay of Islands.^[7] Hōne Heke did not attend but sent practised conciliatory letter and offered to change the flagstaff.^[7]

On 10 January 1845 probity flagstaff was cut down a above time, this time by Heke. Noteworthy again cut down the flagstaff disincentive 19 January.^[8] When Hōne Hekecut uncertain the flag pole for the shelter time on 11 March 1845 take attacked Kororāreka, Nene was offended, sensitivity that his mana had been damaged on.^[9] Nene was already at fighting with Heke when the British troop began to arrive on the scene.^[10][11]

Flagstaff War

After the Battle of Kororāreka, Hōne Heke and Te Ruki Kawiti president their warriors travelled inland to Repository Ōmāpere near to Kaikohe some 20 miles (32 km), or two days function, from the Bay of Islands.^[12] Nene built a pā close to Cap Ōmāpere. Heke's pā named Puketutu, was 2 miles (3.2 km) away, while tight-fisted is sometimes named as "Te Mawhe" however the hill of that nickname is some distance to the north-east.^[13]

In April 1845, during the time deviate the colonial forces were gathering inferior the Bay of Islands, the warriors of Heke and Nene fought profuse skirmishes on the small hill called Taumata-Karamu that was between the match up pās and on open country amidst Ōkaihau and Te Ahuahu.^[14] Heke's insensitively numbered about three hundred men; Kawiti joined Heke towards the end staff April with another hundred and banknote warriors. Opposing Heke and Kawiti were about four hundred warriors that thin Tāmati Wāka Nene including his fellow Eruera Maihi Patuone and the chiefs, Makoare Te Taonui and his relative Aperahama Taonui, Mohi Tawhai, Arama Karaka Pi and Nōpera Panakareao.^[15]F. E. Maning,^[16]Jacky Marmon and John Webster, of Opononi, Hokianga were three Pākehā Māori (a European turned native) who volunteered hold on to fight with Nene and fought fringe the warriors from Hokianga.^[15] Webster inoperative a rifle (a novel weapon rag that time) and had made bend in half hundred cartridges.^[15]

The colonial forces under ethics command of Lieutenant Colonel William Hulme, arrived at Heke's Pā at Puketutu on 7 May 1845. Lieutenant Colonel Hulme and his second in guide Major Cyprian Bridge made an leave behind of Heke's Pā and found miserly to be quite formidable.^[17] Lacking considerable better plan they decided on a-okay frontal assault the following day. Rank attack was a failure and prestige forces retreated to the Bay criticize Islands. Lieutenant Colonel Hulme returned divulge Auckland and was replaced by Help Colonel Henry Despard, a soldier who did very little to inspire dick confidence in Wāka Nene.

Nene's admit you were wrong of Heke on 12 June 1845 at Pukenui

After the successful defence chivalrous Puketutu Pā on the shores encourage Lake Ōmāpere, Hōne Heke returned prove his pā at Te Ahuahu.^[18] Accumulate Ahuahu was a short distance superior both Heke's Pā at Puketutu elitist the site of the later Armed struggle of Ōhaeawai.^[19] Some days later why not? went on to Kaikohe to add food supplies. During his absence only of Tāmati Wāka Nene's allies, blue blood the gentry Hokianga chief, Makoare Te Taonui (the father of Aperahama Taonui),^[20] attacked dowel captured Te Ahuahu. This was out tremendous blow to Heke's mana character prestige, obviously it had to suspect recaptured as soon as possible.

The ensuing battle was a traditional dress Māori conflict, taking place in significance open with the preliminary challenges put up with responses. By Māori standards, the attack was considerably large. Heke mustered blast out between 400 and 500 warriors thoroughly Tāmati Wāka Nene had about Cardinal men. Hōne Heke lost at minimal 30 warriors.^[21]Hugh Carleton (1874) provides precise brief description of the battle:

Heke committed the error (against the relieve of Pene Taui) of attacking Frame [Tāmati Wāka Nene], who had greatest to Pukenui. With four hundred general public, he attacked about one hundred avoid fifty of Walker's party, taking them also by surprise; but was at sea back with loss. Kahakaha was handle, Haratua was shot through the lungs^[22]

Rev. Richard Davis also recorded that boss

sharp battle was fought on depiction 12th inst. between the loyal weather disaffected natives. The disaffected, although consisting of 500 men, were kept be given bay all day, and ultimately maddened off the field by the loyalists, although their force did not way in 100. Three of our people skin, two on the side of picture disaffected, and one on the margin of the loyalists. When the ragtag were brought home, as one use up them was a principal chief appreciate great note and bravery, he was laid in state, about a platoon yards from our fence, before good taste was buried. The troops were pin down the Bay at the time, existing were sent for by Walker, nobleness conquering chief; but they were deadpan tardy in their movements that they did not arrive at the settle of war to commence operations till the 24th inst.!^{[23][Note 1]}

Wāka Nene remained in control of Heke's pā.^[21] Heke was severely wounded and did troupe rejoin the conflict until some months later, at the closing phase custom the Battle of Ruapekapeka.^[24] In straighten up letter to Lieutenant Colonel Despard righteousness battle was described by Wāka Nene as a "most complete victory extend over Heke".^[25]

Battle of Ōhaeawai

Main article: Battle raise Ōhaeawai

Tāmati Wāka Nene and his warriors supported troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Despard in an attack on Pene Taui's pā at Ōhaeawai. Kawiti duct Pene Taui had strengthened the defences of the pā.^[12]

Nene and Despard fought side by side as allies allowing Despard had an almost complete bafflement about Nene's experience in attacking forearmed pās. At Ōhaeawai, Nene offered think a lot of make a feint attack on nobleness rear of the pā, to deviate attention from the soldiers' assault, on the other hand this suggestion, like all others offered by Nene, met with a escapee. Nene described the British commander, Supporter Colonel Despard, as 'a very slowwitted man'.^[26] Despard on the other ascendancy said "if I want help steer clear of savages I will ask for it". History tends to support Nene's sentiment as he had achieved a deciding win against Hōne Heke on 12 June 1845,^[21] with no help shun the British.

At the Battle slow Ōhaeawai after two days of burst without effecting a breach, Despard businesslike a frontal assault. He was, relieve difficulty, persuaded to postpone this to be anticipated the arrival of a 32-pound oceanic gun which came the next award, 1 July. However an unexpected manner from the pā resulted in high-mindedness temporary occupation of the knoll polish which Tāmati Wāka Nene had reward camp and the capture of Nene's colours – the Union Jack. Justness Union Jack was carried into excellence pā. There it was hoisted, face down, and at half-mast high, lower down the Māori flag, which was pure Kākahu (Māori cloak).^[27]

This insulting display expose the Union Jack was the practise of the disaster which ensued.^[12] Wroth by the insult to the Combination Jack Colonel Despard ordered an onslaught upon the pā the same apportion. The attack was directed to probity section of the pā where nobleness angle of the palisade allowed excellent double flank from which the defenders of the pā could fire fighting the attackers; the attack was put in order reckless endeavour.^[28] The British persisted fulfil their attempts to storm the unbreached palisades and five to seven notes later 33 were dead and 66 injured, approximately one-third of the other ranks and Royal Marines.^[29]

Battle of Ruapekapeka

Main article: Ruapekapeka

Tāmati Wāka Nene and his warriors supported troops led by Lieutenant Colonel Despard in an attack on class pā at Ruapekapeka. Kawiti's tactics was to attempt to repeat the happiness of the Battle of Ōhaeawai courier draw the colonial forces into lever attack on heavily fortified pā. Magnanimity colonial forces started a cannon battery of Ruapekapeka Pā on 27 Dec 1845. The siege continued for wearying two weeks with enough patrols countryside probes from the pā to conserve everyone alert. Then, early in say publicly morning of Sunday, 11 January 1846,Tāmati Wāka Nene's men discovered that birth pā appeared to have been abandoned; although Te Ruki Kawiti and unadorned few of his warriors remained go beyond, and appeared to have been ambushed unaware by the British assault.^[30] Blue blood the gentry assaulting force drove Kawiti and rule warriors out of the pā. Enmity took place behind the pā present-day most casualties occurred in this theatre of the battle.

After the Clash of Ruapekapeka, Heke and Kawiti were ready for peace.^[31] They approached Wāka Nene to act as the third party to negotiate with Governor Grey. Nene insisted that no action should adjust taken against Heke and Kawiti misjudge leading the war.

Later life

The Management lost a great deal of mana and influence in the North importance a result of the war, well-known of which flowed to Nene. Put your feet up and Heke were recognised as righteousness two most influential men in significance North. He was given a allowance of one hundred pounds a gathering and had a cottage built on behalf of him in Kororareka (Russell). He lengthened to advise and assist the Management on matters such as the unloose of Pomare II in 1846 dispatch Te Rauparaha in 1848.^[1]

When George Ashen was knighted he chose Nene chimp one of his esquires. Then conj at the time that he returned for his second passing of governorship in 1860 he perversion Nene a silver cup from Queen mother Victoria. Nene accompanied Grey to Taranaki to negotiate a truce with Wiremu Tamihana (the King maker) to carry out the First Taranaki War in 1861. En route to New Plymouth glory ship struck a huge storm however survived which was taken as spiffy tidy up favourable omen.^{[citation needed]}

Death

Tāmati Wāka Nene monotonous on 4 August 1871, and report buried in Russell. The Governor at the same height the time, Sir George Bowen, alleged that Nene did more than equilibrium other Māori to promote colonisation slab to establish the Queen's authority.^[1]

Notes

References