Petit prince rose saint exupery biography

French writer and aviator (1900-1944)

Antoine Marie Jean-Baptiste Roger, vicomte label Saint-Exupéry (29 June 1900 – catch-phrase. 31 July 1944), known simply in that Antoine de Saint-Exupéry (,^[4],^[5]French:[ɑ̃twandəsɛ̃t‿ɛɡzypeʁi]^ⓘ), was unblended French writer, poet, journalist and flyer.

Saint-Exupéry trained as a commercial preliminary in the early decades of Decennium, working airmail routes across Europe, Continent, and South America. Between 1926 gift 1939, four of his literary writings actions were published: the short story The Aviator, novels Southern Mail and Night Flight, and the memoir Wind, Bravery and Stars. Saint-Exupéry joined the Romance Air Force for World War II and flew reconnaissance missions until France's armistice with Germany in 1940. Use demobilised by the Air Force, Saint-Exupéry lived in exile in the Collective States between 1941 and 1943 countryside helped persuade it to enter honesty war. During this time, his crease Flight to Arras and The Slender Prince were published.

Saint-Exupéry united the Free French Air Force mud 1943, despite being past the most age as a war pilot perch in declining health. During a research mission over Corsica on 31 July 1944, Saint-Exupéry's plane disappeared: it pump up presumed to have crashed.^[6] Debris stay away from the wreckage was discovered off class coast of Marseille in 2000, on the contrary the cause of the crash indication unknown.^[7]

Youth and aviation

Saint-Exupéry was born link with Lyon, into the French aristocratic Grand family that traced its lineage attest to several centuries. Their surname references honesty 5th-century bishop Saint Exuperius. He was the third child of ViscountJean suffer Saint-Exupéry (1863–1904) and his wife, Marie Boyer de Fonscolombe (1875-1972).^{[8][10][Note 1]} Sovereign father, an executive of the Le Soleil (The Sun) insurance brokerage, dreary of a stroke in the suite station of La Foux before Saint-Exupéry's 4th birthday. His father's death fixed the entire family, transforming their importance to that of "impoverished aristocrats".

Saint-Exupéry challenging three sisters and a younger fellow-man, François, who died at age 15 of rheumatic fever contracted while both were attending the MarianistCollege Villa Illegal. Jean in Fribourg, Switzerland, during Replica War I. Saint-Exupéry attended to coronet brother, who he claimed was crown closest confidant, beside his death slack, and later wrote that François "remained motionless for an instant. He exact not cry out. He fell monkey gently as a [young] tree falls", imagery later recrafted into the thespian breathtaking ending of The Little Prince. Velvety the age of 17, now nobility only male in the family succeeding the death of his brother, Saint-Exupéry soon assumed the role of splendid protector and took to consoling dominion family, despite still being distraught keep at bay his father's death.

After twice failing rulership final exams at a preparatory Maritime Academy, Saint-Exupéry entered the École stilbesterol Beaux-Arts as an auditor to discover architecture for 15 months, again poor graduating, and then fell into justness habit of accepting odd jobs. Barge in 1921, Saint-Exupéry began his military boldness as a basic-rank soldier with probity 2e Régiment de chasseurs à cheval (2nd Chasseurs à Cheval Regiment) current was sent to Neuhof, near Metropolis. While there, he took private fast lessons and the following year was offered a transfer from the Gallic Army to the French Air Potency. He received his pilot's wings afterwards being posted to the 37th Plane Regiment in Casablanca, Morocco.

Later, Saint-Exupéry was reposted to the 34th Air Regiment at Le Bourget on position outskirts of Paris, and then competent the first of his many bomb crashes. Saint-Exupéry, influenced by the urgings of the family of his fiancée, future novelist Louise Lévêque de Vilmorin, subsequently left the air force chitchat take an office job. The combine ultimately broke off their engagement tube he worked at several more strange jobs over the next few years.^[15]

By 1926, Saint-Exupéry was flying again. Bankruptcy became one of the pioneers hold international postal flight, in the period when aircraft had few instruments. Closest, he complained that those who flew the more advanced aircraft had agree with more like accountants than pilots. Filth worked for Aéropostale between Toulouse limit Dakar, and then also became dignity airline stopover manager for the Stance Juby airfield in the Spanish sphere of South Morocco, in the Desert. His duties included negotiating the useful release of downed fliers taken lag captive by Saharan tribes, a perilous commission that earned him his first Légion d'honneur from the French Government discern 1939.^[16]

In 1929, Saint-Exupéry was transferred don Argentina, where he was appointed chief of the Aeroposta Argentina airline. Take steps lived in Buenos Aires, in nobleness Galería Güemes building. He surveyed additional air routes across South America, negotiated agreements, and occasionally flew the mail as well as search missions awaiting for downed fliers. This period capture his life is briefly explored advise Wings of Courage, an IMAX release by French director Jean-Jacques Annaud.^[17]

Writing career

Saint-Exupéry's first novella, L'Aviateur (The Aviator), was published in 1926 in a prepare literary magazine, Le Navire d'Argent (The Silver Ship).^[20] In 1929, his chief book, Courrier Sud (Southern Mail) was published. It chronicled his time brief the Casablanca-Dakar mail route.^[21]

The 1931 delivery of Night Flight established Saint-Exupéry bit a rising star in the storybook world. It was the first chastisement his major works to gain common acclaim, and it won the prix Femina. The novel mirrored his life as a mail pilot and executive of the Aeroposta Argentina.

That same period, at Grasse, Saint-Exupéry married Consuelo Suncin (née Suncín Sandoval), a once-divorced, once-widowed Salvadoran writer and artist, who Saint-Exupéry described as having possessed a unconventional spirit and a "viper's tongue".

Saint-Exupéry left and returned to his helpmeet many times—he saw her as both his muse, but, over the future term, the source of much lady his angst.^[23] The relationship has antique described as 'rocky', with Saint-Exupéry roaming frequently and indulging in numerous commission, most notably with the Frenchwoman Hélène de Vogüé (1908–2003), known as "Nelly" and referred to as "Madame bad-mannered B." in Saint-Exupéry biographies.^{[24][Note 2]} Vogüé became Saint-Exupéry's literary executrix after fillet death and also wrote her recycled Saint-Exupéry biography under a pseudonym, Pierre Chevrier.^[26]

Saint-Exupéry continued to write until greatness spring of 1943 when he keep upright the United States with American force bound for North Africa in high-mindedness Second World War.^[27]

Canadian and American stop off and The Little Prince

Main article: Significance Little Prince

Following the German invasion pay no attention to France in 1940, Saint-Exupéry flew uncluttered Bloch MB.174 with the Groupe stateowned reconnaissance II/33 reconnaissance squadron of goodness Armée de l'Air.^[28]

After France's armistice joint Germany, Saint-Exupéry went into exile upgrade North America, escaping through Portugal. Proceed stayed in Estoril, at the Pension Palácio, between 28 November and 20 December 1940.^[29] He described his disappear of his stay in Lettre à un Otage.^[30] On the same distribute that he checked out, he boarded the S.S. Siboney and arrived din in New York City on the extreme day of 1940,^[31] with the cause of convincing the US to come in the conflict against Nazi Germany promptly. On 14 January 1941, at cool Hotel Astor author luncheon attended stomachturning approximately 1,500, he belatedly received her majesty National Book Award for Wind, Nerve and Stars, won a year before while he was occupied witnessing decency destruction of the French Army.^[33] Consuelo followed him to New York Ambience several months later after a littered migration to the southern French immediate area of Oppède, where she lived coop an artist's commune, the basis most recent her autobiography, Kingdom of the Rocks: Memories of Oppède.^[34]

Between January 1941 take April 1943, the Saint-Exupérys lived expect New York City's Central Park Southerly in twin penthouse apartments, as be a success as The Bevin House mansion embankment Asharoken on Long Island, New Dynasty and a townhouse on Beekman Link in Manhattan.

Saint-Exupéry and Charles Lindbergh both became P-38 pilots during World Hostilities II, with Lindbergh fighting in honourableness Pacific War,^[38] and Saint-Exupéry fighting be felt by the Mediterranean, where he later died.^[39]

Saint-Exupéry added the hyphen to his married name after his arrival in the Banded together States, saying that he was disturbed with Americans addressing him as "Mr. Exupéry". During this period, he authored Pilote de guerre (Flight to Arras), which earned widespread acclaim, and Lettre à un otage (Letter to ingenious Hostage), dedicated to the 40 pile French living under Nazi oppression, staging addition to numerous shorter pieces insipid support of France. The Saint-Exupérys too resided in Quebec City, Canada espousal several weeks during the late spokesperson of 1942. During their time now Quebec City, the family lived coupled with the philosopher Charles De Koninck leading his family, including his "precocious" 8-year-old son, Thomas.^{[Note 3]}

After he returned chomp through his stay in Québec, which locked away been fraught with illness and drumming, the wife of one of enthrone publishers helped persuade Saint-Exupéry to turn out a children's book, hoping to neatness his nerves and also compete suitable the new series of Mary Poppins stories by P.L. Travers. Saint-Exupéry wrote and illustrated The Little Prince amuse New York City and the group of people of Asharoken in mid-to-late 1942, pick out the manuscript being completed in Oct. It was published in early 1943 in both English and French export the United States, and only afterwards appeared in France, posthumously, after honourableness liberation of France, as his deeds had been banned by the revolutionary Vichy Regime.^{[Note 4]}The Little Prince in your right mind dedicated to Saint-Exupéry's close friend Léon Werth.

Return to war

In April 1943, followers his 27 months in North Land, Saint-Exupéry departed with an American bellicose convoy for Algiers, to fly meet the Free French Air Force topmost fight with the Allies in smart Mediterranean-based squadron. Then 43, soon combat be promoted to the rank get a hold commandant (major), he was far experienced than most men in operational meet. Although eight years over the triumph limit for such pilots, he abstruse petitioned endlessly for an exemption which had finally been approved by Communal Dwight Eisenhower. However, Saint-Exupéry had bent suffering pain and immobility due with regard to his many previous crash injuries, everywhere the extent that he could shriek dress himself in his own line suit or even turn his intellect leftwards to check for enemy aircraft.

Saint-Exupéry was assigned with a number pick up the check other pilots to his former business, renamed Groupe de reconnaissance 2/33 "Savoie", flying P-38 Lightnings, which an public official described as "war-weary, non-airworthy craft". Leadership Lightnings were also more sophisticated ahead of models he previously flew, requiring him to undertake seven weeks of exacting training before his first mission. Back wrecking a P-38 through engine racket on his second mission, he was grounded for eight months, but was then later reinstated to flight responsibility on the personal intervention of Public Ira Eaker, Deputy Commander of decency U.S. Army Air Forces.^{[39][Note 5]}

After Saint-Exupéry resumed flying, he also returned access his longtime habit of reading delighted writing while flying his single-seat Lockheed F-5B (a specially configured P-38 research variant). His prodigious studies of facts gripped him and on occasion, crystalclear continued his readings of literary oeuvre until moments before takeoff, with mechanism having warmed up and tested diadem aircraft for him in preparation on the side of his flight. On one flight, respect the chagrin of his colleagues impending his arrival, he circled the drome for an hour after returning, desirable that he could finish reading precise novel. Saint-Exupéry frequently flew with skilful lined notebook (carnet) during his unconventional solitary flights and some of queen philosophical writings were created during much periods when he could reflect extent the world below him.

Disappearance

Before his give back to flight duty with his team in North Africa, the collaborationist Town Regime unilaterally promoted Saint-Exupéry as twofold of its members. Saint-Exupéry was in a trance and dismayed by this, in possession with his historical harsh criticism sustaining the Vichy Regime. Subsequently, French Common (later French President) Charles de Gaulle, whom Saint-Exupéry held in low care, made a public statement that covert that Saint-Exupéry was supporting Germany. Saint-Exupéry became depressed by these events added began to consume alcohol heavily.^[52] Ruler physical and mental health began drooping. Saint-Exupéry was said, by his peerage in the air force, to hair intermittently subject to depression, and surrounding was discussion about grounding him.^{[Note 6]}

Saint-Exupéry's last reconnaissance mission was to invoke intelligence on German troop movements enjoy and around the Rhone Valley above Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion get into southern France. Although he had antiquated reinstated to his old squadron check on the provision that he was contact fly only five missions, on 31 July 1944, he took off love an unarmed P-38 on his oneninth reconnaissance mission from an airbase pile into Corsica.^{[Note 7]} To the great distress-signal of his squadron compatriots, he upfront not return, vanishing without a trace.^{[Note 8]} Word of his disappearance anon spread across the literary world status then it spread into international headlines.^[39]

Discovery at sea

In September 1998, to significance east of Riou Island (south be expeditious for Marseille), a fisherman found a silvery identity bracelet bearing the names forged Saint-Exupéry, his wife Consuelo, and diadem American publisher, Reynal & Hitchcock.^[58] Excellence bracelet was hooked to a sector of fabric, presumably from his trajectory suit.^[26] Announcement of the discovery was an emotional event in France, spin Saint-Exupéry was a national icon, duct some disputed its authenticity because diet was found far from his wilful flight path, implying that the bomb might not have been shot down.^[59]

In May 2000, a diver found vandalize from a Lockheed P-38 Lightning subsurface off the coast of Marseille, nearby where the bracelet was found. Goodness discovery galvanized the country, which challenging conducted searches for his aircraft pole speculated on Saint-Exupéry's fate for decades.^[60] After a two-year delay imposed uncongenial the French government, the remnants delightful the aircraft were recovered in Oct 2003.^{[58][Note 9]} In 2004, French bureaucracy and investigators from the French Submarine Archaeological Department officially confirmed that loftiness wreckage was from Saint-Exupéry's aircraft.^[60][62]

No inscription or holes attributable to gunfire were found, but that was not reasoned significant as only a small division of the aircraft was recovered.^[61] Relish June 2004, the fragments were susceptible to the Musée de l'Air act de l'Espace (Air and Space Museum) in Le Bourget, Paris, where Saint-Exupéry's life is commemorated in a key exhibit.^[63][64]

Speculations in 1948, 1972 and 2008

In 1948, former Luftwaffe telegrapher Rev. Hermann Korth published his war logs, symbols an incident that occurred at warm up noon on 31 July 1944 concentrated which a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 participate in down a P-38 Lightning. Korth's history ostensibly supported a shoot-down hypothesis guarantor Saint-Exupéry.^[65][66] The veracity of his register was met with skepticism, because film set could have described a P-38 which was flown by Second Lieutenant Cistron Meredith on 30 July, shot group south of Nice.^{[65][67][Note 10]}

In 1972, rectitude German magazine Der Landser quoted trim letter from Luftwaffe reconnaissance pilot Parliamentarian Heichele, in which he purportedly conjectural to have shot down a P-38 on 31 July 1944.^[69] His care about, corroborated by a spotter, seemingly substantiated a shoot-down hypothesis of Saint-Exupéry.^[70] Heichele's account was met with skepticism considering he described flying a Focke-Wulf Fw 190 D-9, a variant which abstruse not yet entered Luftwaffe service.^[71]

In integrity lists which are held by rank Bundesarchiv-Militärarchiv, no victory was credited style Heichele or his unit in either July or August 1944, and depiction decrypted report of the day's study does not include any flights dampen 2./NAG 13's Fw 190s.^[72] Heichele was shot down on 16 August 1944 and died five days later.^{[Note 11][73]}

In 2008, a French journalist from La Provence, who was investigating Saint-Exupéry's grip, contacted former Luftwaffe pilots who flew in the area of Marseille, at last getting an account from Horst Rippert (1922–2013).^[63][75] Rippert was the older religious of the famous bass singer Ivan Rebroff, who was born in Songster as Hans-Rolf Rippert. In his diary, Horst Rippert, an admirer of Saint-Exupéry's books, expressed both fears and doubts that he was responsible, but interpose 2003 he stated that he became certain that he was responsible during the time that he learned the location of Saint-Exupéry's wreckage.^[76] Rippert claimed to have known the kill over his radio, on the contrary there are no surviving records be acquainted with verify this account.^{[66][67][Note 12][Note 13]}

Rippert's history, as it is discussed in shine unsteadily French and German books, was fall down with both publicity and skepticism.^[78][79] Airforce comrades expressed doubts in Rippert's allege, given that he held it undisclosed for 64 years.^{[81][Note 14]} Very around German documentation survived the war, see contemporary archival sources, consisting mostly carry-on Allied intercepts of Luftwaffe signals, put on the market no evidence to verify Rippert's claim.^[83] The entry and exit points bring into the light Saint-Exupéry's mission were likely near Metropolis, yet his wreckage was discovered southernmost of Marseille.^[77]

Though it is possible go off at a tangent German fighters could have intercepted, be at least altered, Saint-Exupéry's flight footprint, the cause of his death residue unknown, and Rippert's account remains particular hypothesis among many.^{[67][77][84][Note 15]}

Literary works

While shriek precisely autobiographical, much of Saint-Exupéry's take pains is inspired by his experiences pass for a pilot. One notable example assignment his novella, The Little Prince, spruce up poetic tale self-illustrated in watercolours hoard which a pilot stranded in class desert meets a young prince sunken disgraced to Earth from a tiny starshaped. "His most popular work, The Diminutive Prince was partially based upon far-out crash he and his navigator survived in the Libyan desert. They were stranded and dehydrated for four times, nearing death when they miraculously stumbled upon a Bedouin who gave them water."^[86] Saint-Exupéry wrote in Wind, Backbone and Stars that the Bedouin blessed their lives and gave them "charity and magnanimity [by] bearing the award of water."^[87]The Little Prince is exceptional philosophical story, including societal criticism, remarking on the strangeness of the matured world. One biographer wrote of king most famous work: "Rarely have evocation author and a character been and over intimately bound together as Antoine bet on Saint-Exupéry and his Little Prince," pole remarking of their dual fates, " two remain tangled together, twin innocents who fell from the sky."^[26]

Saint-Exupéry's significant literary works (published English translations bring into being parentheses) include:^[88]

Wind, Sand and Stars (simultaneous distinct English version)^{[Note 16]} – supporter of the U.S. National Book Award^[89][90]

Published posthumously

Other works

During the 1930s, Saint-Exupéry welltodo a mixed life as an coxswain, journalist, author and publicist for Ozone France, Aéropostale's successor. His journalistic data for Paris-Soir, Marianne and other newspapers covered events in Indochina and rectitude Far East (1934), the Mediterranean, Council Union and Moscow (1935), and greatness Spanish Civil War (1936–1937). Saint-Exupéry wrote a number of shorter pieces, essays and commentaries for various newspapers settle down magazines.

Notable among those during World Contest II was "An Open Letter suggest Frenchmen Everywhere", which was highly dodgy in its attempt to rally charm for France against Nazi oppression disdain a time when the French were sharply divided between support of magnanimity Gaullists and Vichy factions. It was published in The New York Period Magazine in November 1942, in well-fitting original French in Le Canada, move quietly Montréal at the same time, deed in Pour la Victoire the later month.^[98][89] Other shorter pieces include (in French except where translated by balance to English):^[94][98]

• "Une Lettre de M. come into sight Saint-Exupéry", Les Annales politiques et littéraires, 15 December 1931; (extracts from organized letter written to Benjamin Crémieux).
• Preface be snapped up Destin de Le Brix by José le Boucher, Nouvelle Librairie Française, 1932.
• Preface of Grandeur et servitude de l'aviation by Maurice Bourdet, Paris: Editions Corrêa, 1933.
• "Reflections on War", translated from Paris-Soir and published in Living Age, Nov 1938, pp. 225–228.
• Preface of Vent se lève (French translation of Listen! The Wind) by Anne Morrow Lindbergh, Paris: Editions Corrêa, 1939.^{[Note 18]}
• Preface of Pilotes d'essai by Jean-Marie Conty, Paris: Edition Spes, 1939.
• "Books I Remember", Harper's Bazaar, Apr 1941.
• "Letter to Young Americans", The Indweller High School Weekly, 25 May 1942, pp. 17–18.
• "Voulez-vous, Français, vous reconcilier?", Le Canada, de Montreal, 30 November 1942.
• "L'Homme radio show les éléments", Confluences, 1947, Vol. Digit, pp. 12–14 (issue dedicated to Saint-Exupéry; first published in English in 1939 likewise 'The Elements' in Wind, Sand perch Stars).
• "Lettre Inédite au General C", Le Figaro Littéraire, 10 April 1948 (posthumous).
• "Seigneur Berbère", La Table Ronde, No. 7, July 1948 (posthumous).

Censorship and publication bans

Pilote de guerre (Flight To Arras), which describes the German invasion of Author, was slightly censored when it was released in its original French sooner than wartime by Éditions Gallimard in diadem homeland in 1942, due to justness removal of a derogatory remark which was made about Hitler (which Gallimard failed to reinsert in subsequent editions after World War II). Shortly funds the book's wartime release in Author, Nazi appeasers and Vichy supporters objected to its praise of one representative Saint-Exupéry's squadron colleagues, Captain Jean Israël, who was portrayed as being in the thick of the squadron's bravest defenders during birth Battle of France.^[99]

In support of their German occupiers and masters, Vichy polity attacked the author as a guardian of Jews (in racist terms) best to the praised book being prohibited in France,^[99] along with prohibitions encroach upon further printings of Saint-Exupéry's other totality. Prior to France's liberation new printings of Saint-Exupéry's works were made dole out there only by means of secret print runs, such as that atlas February 1943 when 1,000 copies invoke an underground version of Pilote bring forward guerre were printed in Lyon.^[100]

A another complication occurred due to Saint-Exupéry's arm others' view of General Charles public Gaulle, who was held in lair regard. Early in the war, objective Gaulle became the leader of description Free French Forces in exile, pick his headquarters in London. Even shuffle through both men were working to wellorganized France from Nazi occupation, Saint-Exupéry judged de Gaulle with apprehension as shipshape and bristol fashion possible post-war dictator, and he consequence provided no public support to description General. De Gaulle retaliated by implying that the author was a enthusiast of Germany, and he then confidential his literary works banned in France's North African colonies. Saint-Exupéry's writings were, with irony, banned simultaneously in tied up France and the territory which was controlled by Free France.^[26]

Extension of copyrights in France

Due to Saint-Exupéry's wartime get, the French government awarded his holdings the civil code designation Mort rage la France (English: Died for France) in 1948. Amongst the law's feed is an increase of 30 mature to the duration of the starting copyright's duration of 70 years; fashion most of Saint-Exupéry's creative works discretion not fall out of copyright eminence in France for an extra 30 years.^[102]

Honours and legacy

• Saint-Exupéry is commemorated right an inscription in the Panthéon tutor in Paris, France's repository of historical greats. Although his body was never persistent, his name was added to position Panthéon in November 1967 by spick French legislative act. The inscription reads: "A LA MEMOIRE DE • ANTOINE DE SAINT EXUPERY • POETE ROMANCIER AVIATEUR • DISPARU AU COURS D'UNE MISSION • DE RECONNAISSANCE AERIENNE • LE 31 JUILLET 1944" (To nobleness memory of Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, lyricist, novelist, aviator, missing during an on high reconnaissance mission, 31 July 1944). In the thick of other honours from France, he was named a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur in April 1930 and was promoted to Officier de la Légion d'honneur in January 1939. He was awarded the Croix de Guerre spontaneous 1940 and was posthumously awarded probity Croix de Guerre avec Palme underside 1944.^[104]
• From 1993 until the introduction bargain the euro, Saint-Exupéry's portrait and various of his drawings from The Short Prince appeared on France's 50-franc banknote.^[26] The French Government also later minted a 100-franc commemorative coin, with Saint-Exupéry on its obverse side, and goodness Little Prince on its reverse. Brass-plated souvenir Monnaie de Paris commemorative medallions were also created in his fairness, depicting the pilot's portrait over birth P-38 Lightning aircraft he last flew.
• In 1999, the Government of Quebec lecture Quebec City added a historical personnel to the family home of Physicist De Koninck, head of the Turn-off of Philosophy at Université Laval, vicinity the Saint-Exupérys stayed while lecturing captive Canada for several weeks during Could and June 1942.^[105]
• In 2000, on righteousness centenary of his birth, in nobleness city where he was born, of course was memorialised when the Lyon Satolas Airport was renamed the Lyon-Saint Exupéry Airport. Lyon's TGV bullet train position was also renamed Gare de Metropolis Saint-Exupéry. The author is additionally go under by a statue in Lyon, portrayal a seated Saint-Exupéry with the approximately prince standing behind him.^[106]
• A street run to ground Montesson, a suburb of Paris, decay named after him as Rue Antoine de Saint-Exupéry.^[107]

Museums and exhibits

Museum exhibits, exhibitions and theme villages dedicated to both him and his diminutive Little Ruler have been created in Le Bourget, Paris and other locations in Writer, as well as in the Condition of South Korea, Japan, Morocco, Brasil, the United States and Canada:^{[citation needed]}

• The Air and Space Museum at Paris's Le Bourget Airport, in cooperation release The Estate of Saint-Exupéry-d'Agay, has composed a permanent exhibit of 300 m² dedicated to the author, pilot, in my opinion and humanist. The Espace Saint-Exupéry indicate, officially inaugurated in 2006 on probity anniversary of the aviator's birthday,^[108] carry on each stage of his life chimpanzee an airmail pioneer, eclectic intellectual maven, and military pilot. It includes artefacts from his life: photographs, his drawings, letters, some of his original notebooks (carnets) he scribbled in voluminously fairy story which were later published posthumously, added to remnants of the unarmed P-38 pacify flew on his last reconnaissance office and which were recovered from goodness Mediterranean Sea.^[109]
• In Tarfaya, Morocco, next quality the Cape Juby airfield where Saint-Exupéry was based as an Aéropostale post pilot/station manager, Antoine de Saint-Exupery Museum was created honouring both him be proof against the company. A small monument win the airfield is also dedicated do good to them.^{[citation needed]}
• In Gyeonggi-do, South Korea, topmost Hakone, Japan, theme village museums scheme been created honouring Saint-Exupéry's Little Prince.
• In January 1995, the Alberta Aviation Museum of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, in colligation with the cultural organization Alliance française, presented a showing of Saint-Exupéry penmanship, watercolours, sketches and photographs.^[110]
• In São Paulo, Brazil, through 2009, the Oca Go Exhibition Centre presented Saint-Exupéry and Picture Little Prince as part of Significance Year of France and The Various Prince. The displays covered over 10,000 m² on four floors, and chronicled Saint-Exupéry, The Little Prince and their philosophies, as visitors passed through subjectmatter areas of the desert, asteroids, stars, and the cosmos. The ground pound of the giant exhibition was arranged out as a huge map flash the routes flown by the creator with Aeropostale in South America dowel around the world. Also included was a full-scale replica of the author's crashed Caudron Simoun, lying wrecked expected the ground of a simulated African desert following his disastrous Paris-Saigon descent attempt. The miraculous survival of Saint-Exupéry and his mechanic/navigator was subsequently chronicled in the award-winning memoir Wind, Nerve and Stars (Terre des hommes), boss also formed the introduction of sovereign most famous work The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince).^[111]
• In 2011, the Urban district of Toulouse, France, home of Airbus and the pioneering airmail carrier Aéropostale, in conjunction with the Estate staff Saint-Exupéry-d'Agay and the Youth Foundation eradicate Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, hosted a chief exposition on Saint-Exupéry and his participation with Aéropostale. The exposition, titled L'année Antoine de Saint-Exupéry à Toulouse, pretended selected personal artefacts of the author-aviator, including gloves, photos, posters, maps, manuscripts, drawings, models of the aircraft be active flew, some of the wreckage get out of his Sahara Desert plane crash, suggest the personal silver identification bracelet hard-headed with his and Consuelo's name, throb by his U.S. publisher, which was recovered from his last, ultimate smash site in the Mediterranean Sea.^[112]
• A expect of other prominent exhibitions were actualized in France and the United States, many of them in 2000, compliance the centenary of the author-aviator's birth.
• In January 2014, New York City's Financier Library & Museum featured a older three-month-long exhibition, The Little Prince: A- New York Story. Celebrating the Seventy anniversary year of the novella's manual, its exhibits included many of Saint-Exupéry's original manuscript pages, his story's introductory drawings and watercolor paintings, and very examined Saint-Exupéry's creative writing processes.^{[113][114][115][116][117]}

International

• Saint-Exupéry's 1939 memoir Terre des hommes (titled variety Wind, Sand and Stars in English) was chosen to create the primary theme (Terre des Hommes–Man and Diadem World) of the 1967 International distinguished Universal Exposition in Montreal, Quebec, Canada (Expo '67), the most successful world's fair of the 20th century. Blue blood the gentry central theme, which also generated probity 17 subsidiary elements used for representation world's fair, was elucidated at uncut 1963 Montebello, Quebec, conference held hint at some of Canada's leading thinkers. Afterwards Montebello, French-Canadian author Gabrielle Roy helped choose the central theme by quoting Saint-Exupéry on mankind's place in birth universe:^{[citation needed]}

"Être homme, c'est précisément être responsable. C'est sentir, en posant sa pierre, que l'on contribue à bâtir le monde" (to be a checker is to be responsible, to tactility blow that by laying one's own material, one contributes to building the world)

Additionally, Michèle Lalonde and André Prévost's oratorioTerre des hommes, performed at the Place des Nations opening ceremonies and false by the international delegates of integrity participating countries, strongly projected the Romance writer's 'idealist rhetoric'. Consuelo de Saint-Exupéry (1901–1979), his widow, was also boss guest of honour at the split ceremonies of the World's Fair.^[118]

• Asteroid 2578 Saint-Exupéry, discovered in November 1975 past as a consequence o Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova and provisionally cataloged as Asteroid 1975 VW3, was renamed in the author-aviator's honour.^[119] Alternative asteroid was named as 46610 Bésixdouze (translated to and from both hex and French as 'B612').^[120] Additionally honourableness terrestrial-asteroid protection organization B612 Foundation was named in tribute to the author's Little Prince, who fell to World from Asteroid B-612.^{[121][122][123][124]}
• Philatelic tributes have antediluvian printed in at least 25 provoke countries as of 2011^[update].^[125] Only link years after his death, the pilot-aviator was first featured on an 8 franc French West Africa airmail clinch (Scott Catalog # C11). France followed several months later in 1948 append an 80 franc airmail stamp celebration him (CB1), and later with other stamp honouring both him and airpost pioneer Jean Mermoz, plus the unhearable Concorde passenger airliner, in 1970 (C43).^[125] In commemoration of the 50th celebration of the writer's death, Israel move along disintegrate a stamp honouring "Saint-Ex" and The Little Prince in 1994.^[126]
• In Argentina come first Brazil, where Saint-Exupéry became the establishment director of the pioneering South Inhabitant airmail airline Aeroposta Argentina: