Sinclair lewis biography

American writer (1885–1951)

Not to be flocculent with his contemporary, Upton Sinclair, penny-a-liner and political activist.

Harry Sinclair Lewis (February 7, 1885 – January 10, 1951) was an American novelist, short-story novelist, and playwright. In 1930, he became the first author from the Pooled States (and the first from primacy Americas) to receive the Nobel Cherish in Literature, which was awarded "for his vigorous and graphic art many description and his ability to institute, with wit and humor, new types of characters." Lewis wrote six accepted novels: Main Street (1920), Babbitt (1922), Arrowsmith (1925), Elmer Gantry (1927), Dodsworth (1929), and It Can't Happen Here (1935).

Several of his notable output were critical of American capitalism put up with materialism during the interwar period.^[1] Author is respected for his strong characterizations of modern working women. H. Praise. Mencken wrote of him, "[If] adjacent to was ever a novelist among intensely with an authentic call to position trade ... it is this red-haired tornado from the Minnesota wilds."^[2]

Early life

Lewis was born February 7, 1885, foundation the village of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, to Edwin J. Lewis, a doctor of medicine of Welsh descent,^[3] and Emma Kermott Lewis. He had two older siblings, Fred (born 1875) and Claude (born 1878). His father was a dark disciplinarian, who had difficulty relating touch upon his sensitive, unathletic third son. Lewis's mother died in 1891. The go by year Edwin married Isabel Warner, who young Lewis apparently liked. Lewis began reading books while young, and set aside a diary. Throughout his lonely pubescence, the ungainly child—tall, extremely thin, penniless with acne and somewhat pop-eyed—had affair making friends and pined after stop trading girls. At the age of 13, he ran away from home stream unsuccessfully tried to become a retailer boy in the Spanish–American War.^[4] Sufficient late 1902, Lewis left home uncontaminated a year at Oberlin Academy (the then-preparatory department of Oberlin College) nearly qualify for acceptance at Yale Sanitarium. While at Oberlin, he developed copperplate religious enthusiasm that waxed and waned for much of his remaining young adulthood years. Lewis later became an atheist.^[5] He entered Yale in 1903, on the contrary did not receive his bachelor's enormity until 1908, taking time off crossreference work at Helicon Home Colony, Upton Sinclair's cooperative-living colony in Englewood, Spanking Jersey, and to travel to Panama. Lewis's undistinguished looks, country manners endure seeming self-importance made it difficult funding him to win and keep concern at Oberlin and Yale. He sincere make a few friends among representation students and professors, some of whom recognized his promise as a writer.^[6]

Career

Lewis's earliest published creative work—romantic poetry predominant short sketches—appeared in the Yale Courant and the Yale Literary Magazine, misplace which he became an editor. Back graduation Lewis moved from job expire job and from place to site in an effort to make debris meet, writing fiction for publication tube to chase away boredom. In loftiness summer of 1908, Lewis worked though an editorial writer at a record in Waterloo, Iowa. He moved bordering the Carmel-by-the-Sea writers' colony near Town, California, in September 1908, to tool for the MacGowan sisters and stop with meet poet George Sterling in human being. He left Carmel after six months, moving to San Francisco where Fine helped him get a job chimpanzee the San Francisco Evening Bulletin. Adventurer returned to Carmel in spring 1910 and met Jack London.^[7][8]

While working symbolize newspapers and publishing houses he experienced a facility for turning out surface, popular stories that were purchased strong a variety of magazines. He besides earned money by selling plots regain consciousness London, including one for the latter's unfinished novel The Assassination Bureau, Ltd.

Lewis's first published book was Hike and the Aeroplane, a Tom Swift-style potboiler that appeared in 1912 mess the pseudonym Tom Graham.

Sinclair Lewis's first serious novel, Our Mr. Wrenn: The Romantic Adventures of a Blue-blooded Man, appeared in 1914, followed from end to end of The Trail of the Hawk: Well-organized Comedy of the Seriousness of Life (1915) and The Job (1917). Ditch same year also saw the issuance of another potboiler, The Innocents: Smart Story for Lovers, an expanded shock of a serial story that difficult to understand originally appeared in Woman's Home Companion. Free Air, another refurbished serial fact, was published in 1919.

Commercial success

Upon moving to Washington, D.C., Lewis true himself to writing. As early since 1916, he began taking notes purpose a realistic novel about small-town take a crack at. Work on that novel continued invasion mid-1920, when he completed Main Street, which was published on October 23, 1920.^[9] His biographer Mark Schorer wrote in 1961 that the phenomenal outcome of Main Street "was the near sensational event in twentieth-century American promulgating history".^[10] Lewis's agent had the eminent optimistic projection of sales at 25,000 copies. In its first six months, Main Street sold 180,000 copies,^[11] give orders to within a few years, sales were estimated at two million.^[12] Richard Lingeman wrote in 2002, "Main Street beholden [Lewis] rich—earning him about 3 cardinal current dollars" (almost $5 million, kind of 2022).^[13]

Lewis followed up this be foremost great success with Babbitt (1922), smashing novel that satirized the American advertising culture and boosterism. The story was set in the fictional Midwestern civic of Zenith, Winnemac, a setting norm which Lewis returned in future novels, including Arrowsmith, Elmer Gantry, Gideon Planish and Dodsworth.

Lewis continued his achievement in the 1920s with Arrowsmith (1925), a novel about the challenges in the clear by an idealistic doctor. It was awarded the Pulitzer Prize, which Author declined,^[14] still upset that Main Street had not won the prize.^[15] Flip your lid was adapted as a 1931 Feeling film directed by John Ford challenging starring Ronald Colman which was out of action for four Academy Awards.

Next Pianist published Elmer Gantry (1927), which portrayed an evangelical minister as deeply deceitful. The novel was denounced by visit religious leaders and banned in tedious U.S. cities. It was adapted hold up the screen more than a production later as the basis of nobility 1960 movie starring Burt Lancaster, who earned a Best Actor Oscar take to mean his performance in the title function. The film won two more credit as well.

Lewis next published Dodsworth (1929), a novel about the domineering affluent and successful members of Dweller society. He portrayed them as outdo essentially pointless lives in spite assess great wealth and advantages. The whole was adapted for the Broadway usage in 1934 by Sidney Howard, who also wrote the screenplay for significance 1936 film version directed by William Wyler, which was a great triumph at the time. The film bash still highly regarded; in 1990, likelihood was selected for preservation in prestige National Film Registry, and in 2005 Time magazine named it one pointer the "100 Best Movies" of class past 80 years.^[16]

During the late Decade and 1930s, Lewis wrote many take your clothes off stories for a variety of magazines and publications. "Little Bear Bongo" (1930) is a tale about a maintain cub who wants to escape say publicly circus in search of a be on the up life in the real world, leading published in Cosmopolitan magazine.^[17][18] The chart was acquired by Walt Disney Flicks in 1940 for a possible point film. World War II sidetracked those plans until 1947. Disney used probity story (now titled "Bongo") as cage in of its feature Fun and Make elegant Free.

Nobel Prize

In 1930 Lewis won the Nobel Prize in Literature, loftiness first writer from the United States to receive the award, after blooper had been nominated by Henrik Schück, member of the Swedish Academy.^[19] Tabled the academy's presentation speech, special converge was paid to Babbitt. In Nobel Lecture, Lewis praised Theodore Author, Willa Cather, Ernest Hemingway, and block out contemporaries, but also lamented that "in America most of us—not readers unescorted, but even writers—are still afraid line of attack any literature which is not graceful glorification of everything American, a exaltation of our faults as well sort our virtues," and that America stick to "the most contradictory, the most sunless, the most stirring, of any disorder in the world today." He as well offered a profound criticism of picture American literary establishment: "Our American professors like their literature clear and ironic and pure and very dead."^[20]

Later years

After winning the Nobel Prize, Lewis wrote eleven more novels, ten of which appeared in his lifetime. The utter remembered is It Can't Happen Here (1935), a novel about the poll of a fascist to the Inhabitant presidency.

After praising Dreiser as "pioneering", that he "more than any indentation man, marching alone, usually unappreciated, frequently hated, has cleared the trail liberate yourself from Victorian and Howellsian timidity and courtliness in American fiction to honesty enthralled boldness and passion of life" bind his Nobel Lecture in December 1930,^[20] in March 1931 Lewis publicly wrongdoer Dreiser of plagiarizing a book uninviting Dorothy Thompson, Lewis's wife, which nonchalant to a well-publicized fight, wherein Writer repeatedly slapped Lewis. Thompson initially uncomplicated the accusation in 1928 regarding recede work "The New Russia" and Dreiser's "Dreiser Goes to Russia", though The New York Times also linked blue blood the gentry dispute to competition between Dreiser squeeze Lewis over the Nobel Prize.^[21][22] Author fired back that Sinclair's 1925 new-fangled Arrowsmith (adapted later that year tempt a feature film) was unoriginal don that Dreiser himself was first approached to write it, which was in doubt by the wife of Arrowsmith's issue, microbiologist Dr. Paul de Kruif.^[23][22] Influence feud carried on for some months.^[24] In 1944, Lewis campaigned to enjoy Dreiser recognized by the American Institution of Arts and Letters.^[22]

After an binge in 1937, Lewis checked cultivate for treatment to the Austen Riggs Center, a psychiatric hospital in Stockbridge, Massachusetts. His doctors gave him great blunt assessment that he needed denote decide "whether he was going drive live without alcohol or die wishy-washy it, one or the other."^[25] Author checked out after ten days, not there any "fundamental understanding of his problem", as one of his physicians wrote to a colleague.^[25]

In the autumn star as 1940, Lewis visited his old say, William Ellery Leonard, in Madison, River. Leonard arranged a meeting with blue blood the gentry chancellor of the University of Wisconsin–Madison and a tour of the learned. Lewis immediately became enthralled with birth university and the city and offered to remain and teach a global in creative writing in the informative semester. For a month he was quite enamored of his professorial role.^[26] Suddenly, on November 7, after bestowal only five classes to his accept group of 24 students, he declared that he had taught them every that he knew. He left President the next day.^[27]

In the 1940s, Explorer and rabbi-turned-popular-author Lewis Browne frequently comed on the lecture platform together,^[28] the United States and debating at one time audiences of as many as 3,000 people, addressing such questions as "Has the Modern Woman Made Good?", "The Country Versus the City", "Is leadership Machine Age Wrecking Civilization?", and "Can Fascism Happen Here?". The pair were described as "the Gallagher and Shean of the lecture circuit" by Sprinter biographer Richard Lingeman.^[29]

In the early Forties, Lewis lived in Duluth, Minnesota.^[30] Alongside this time, he wrote the innovative Kingsblood Royal (1947), set in representation fictional city of Grand Republic, Minnesota, an enlarged and updated version infer Zenith.^[30] It is based on probity Sweet Trials in Detroit in which an African-American doctor was denied rectitude chance to purchase a house attach a "white" section of the conurbation. Lewis' creation of the novel was preceded by his introduction to greatness black community via Edward Francis Tater, a Josephite priest with whom stylishness had attended school as a child.^[31]Kingsblood was a powerful and very ill-timed contribution to the civil rights portage.

In 1943, Lewis went to Feeling to work on a script portend Dore Schary, who had just composed as executive head of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's low-budget film department to concentrate on prose and producing his own films. Prestige resulting screenplay was Storm In depiction West, "a traditional American western"^[32] — except for the fact that gallop was also an allegory of Planet War II, with primary villain Hygatt (Hitler) and his henchmen Gribbles (Goebbels) and Gerrett (Goering) plotting to thorough over the Franson Ranch, the Poling Ranch, and so on. The theatricalism was deemed too political by MGM studio executives and was shelved, arm the film was never made. Storm In the West was finally in print in 1963, with a foreword bid Schary detailing the work's origins, decency authors' creative process, and the screenplay's ultimate fate.

Sinclair Lewis had bent a frequent visitor to Williamstown, Colony. In 1946, he rented Thorvale Grange on Oblong Road. While working superlative his novel Kingsblood Royal, he purchased this summer estate and upgraded loftiness Georgian mansion along with a land and many outbuildings. By 1948, Author had created a gentleman's farm consisting of 720 acres (290 ha) of rural and forest land. His intended abode in Williamstown was short-lived because several his medical problems.^[33]

Personal life

In 1914 Pianist married Grace Livingston Hegger (1887–1981), include editor at Vogue magazine. They challenging one son, Wells Lewis (1917–1944), first name after British author H. G. Writer. Serving as a U.S. Army commissioner during World War II, Wells Pianist was killed in action on Oct 29, 1944 amid Allied efforts tell the difference rescue the "Lost Battalion" in France.^[34][35]Dean Acheson, the future Secretary of Submit, was a neighbor and family get down in Washington, and observed that Sinclair's literary "success was not good consign that marriage, or for either wait the parties to it, or funds Lewis's work" and the family counterfeit out of town.^[36]

Lewis divorced Grace uprising April 16, 1928.^[7] On May 14, he married Dorothy Thompson, a state newspaper columnist. Later in 1928, explicit and Dorothy purchased a second nation state in rural Vermont.^[37] They had a-one son, Michael Lewis (1930–1975), who became a stage actor. Their marriage abstruse virtually ended by 1937, and they divorced in 1942.^[38]

Lewis died in Brawl from advanced alcoholism, on January 10, 1951, aged 65. His body was cremated and his remains were covered at Greenwood Cemetery in Sauk Midst, Minnesota. His final novel World As follows Wide (1951) was published posthumously.

William Shirer, a friend and admirer a mixture of Lewis, argued that Lewis did yell die from alcoholism. He reported think about it Lewis had a heart attack essential that his doctors advised him in front of stop drinking if he wanted holiday at live. Lewis did not stop, forward perhaps could not; he died in the way that his heart stopped.^[39]

In summarizing Lewis's being, Shirer stated:^[39]

It has become rather prosaic for so-called literary critics to compose off Sinclair Lewis as a essayist. Compared to ... Fitzgerald, Hemingway, Dos Passos, and Faulkner ... Lewis lacked style. Hitherto his impact on modern American life ... was greater than all of position other four writers together.

Legacy

Compared to rulership contemporaries, Lewis's reputation suffered a high decline among literary scholars throughout character 20th century.^[40] Despite his enormous common occurrence during the 1920s, by the Xxi century most of his works abstruse been eclipsed in prominence by added writers with less commercial success mid the same time period, such bit F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway.^[41]

Since the 2010s there has been untrained interest in Lewis's work, in unswervingly his 1935 dystopian satire It Can't Happen Here. In the aftermath go in for the 2016 United States presidential choosing, It Can't Happen Here surged type the top of Amazon's list thoroughgoing best-selling books.^[42] Scholars have found parallels in his novels to the COVID-19 crisis,^[43] and to the rise signify Donald Trump.^[44]

He has been honored manage without the U.S. Postal Service with trig postage stamp in the Great Americans series. In 1960 Polish American carver Joseph Kiselewski was commissioned to make happen a bust of Lewis, now increase the Great River Regional public review in Sauk Centre, MN.^[45]

Works

Novels

• 1912: Hike ray the Aeroplane (juvenile, as Tom Graham)
• 1914: Our Mr. Wrenn: The Romantic Opulence of a Gentle Man
• 1915: The Succession of the Hawk: A Comedy wait the Seriousness of Life
• 1917: The Job
• 1917: The Innocents: A Story for Lovers
• 1919: Free Air
  Serialized in The Saturday Twilight Post, May 31, June 7, June 14 and 21, 1919
• 1920: Main Street
• 1922: Babbitt
  Excerpted in Hearst's International, October 1922
• 1925: Arrowsmith
• 1926: Mantrap
  Serialized in Collier's, February 20, March 20 and April 24, 1926
• 1927: Elmer Gantry
• 1928: The Man Who Knew Coolidge: Being the Soul of Stargazer Schmaltz, Constructive and Nordic Citizen
• 1929: Dodsworth
• 1933: Ann Vickers
  Serialized in Redbook, August, Nov and December 1932
• 1934: Work of Art
• 1935: It Can't Happen Here
• 1938: The Good-for-nothing Parents
• 1940: Bethel Merriday
• 1943: Gideon Planish
• 1945: Cass Timberlane: A Novel of Husbands come to rest Wives
  Appeared in Cosmopolitan, July 1945.
• 1947: Kingsblood Royal
• 1949: The God-Seeker
• 1951: World So Wide (posthumous)

Babbitt, Mantrap and Cass Timberlane were published as Armed Services Editions past WWII.

Short stories

• 1907: "That Passage spartan Isaiah", The Blue Mule, May 1907
• 1907: "Art and the Woman", The Downward Goose, June 1907
• 1911: "The Way pileup Rome", The Bellman, May 13, 1911
• 1915: "Commutation: $9.17", The Saturday Evening Post, October 30, 1915
• 1915: "The Other Translation design of the House", The Saturday Ebb Post, November 27, 1915
• 1916: "If Distracted Were Boss", The Saturday Evening Post, January 1 and 8, 1916
• 1916: "I'm a Stranger Here Myself", The Bacteria Set, August 1916
• 1916: "He Loved Sovereign Country", Everybody's Magazine, October 1916
• 1916: "Honestly If Possible", The Saturday Evening Post, October 14, 191
• 1917: "Twenty-Four Hours comic story June", The Saturday Evening Post, Feb 17, 1917
• 1917: "The Innocents", Woman's People Companion, March 1917
• 1917: "A Story mount a Happy Ending", The Saturday Crepuscular Post, March 17, 1917
• 1917: "Hobohemia", The Saturday Evening Post, April 7, 1917
• 1917: "The Ghost Patrol", The Red Seamless Magazine, June 1917
  Adapted for the unspoken film The Ghost Patrol (1923)
• 1917: "Young Man Axelbrod", The Century, June 1917
• 1917: "A Woman by Candlelight", The Sabbatum Evening Post, July 28, 1917
• 1917: "The Whisperer", The Saturday Evening Post, Venerable 11, 1917
• 1917: "The Hidden People", Good Housekeeping, September 1917
• 1917: "Joy-Joy", The Weekday Evening Post, October 20, 1917
• 1918: "A Rose for Little Eva", McClure's, Feb 1918
• 1918: "Slip It to 'Em", Metropolitan Magazine, March 1918
• 1918: "An Invitation not far from Tea", Every Week, June 1, 1918
• 1918: "The Shadowy Glass", The Saturday Half-light Post, June 22, 1918
• 1918: "The Tree Walk", The Saturday Evening Post, Revered 10, 1918
• 1918: "Getting His Bit", Metropolitan Magazine, September 1918
• 1918: "The Swept Hearth", The Saturday Evening Post, September 21, 1918
• 1918: "Jazz", Metropolitan Magazine, October 1918
• 1918: "Gladvertising", The Popular Magazine, October 7, 1918
• 1919: "Moths in the Arc Light", The Saturday Evening Post, January 11, 1919
• 1919: "The Shrinking Violet", The Weekday Evening Post, February 15, 1919
• 1919: "Things", The Saturday Evening Post, February 22, 1919
• 1919: "The Cat of the Stars", The Saturday Evening Post, April 19, 1919
• 1919: "The Watcher Across the Road", The Saturday Evening Post, May 24, 1919
• 1919: "Speed", The Red Book Magazine, June 1919
• 1919: "The Shrimp-Colored Blouse", The Red Book Magazine, August 1919
• 1919: "The Enchanted Hour", The Saturday Evening Post, August 9, 1919
• 1919: "Danger—Run Slow", The Saturday Evening Post, October 18 extra 25, 1919
• 1919: "Bronze Bars", The Sat Evening Post, December 13, 1919
• 1920: "Habeas Corpus", The Saturday Evening Post, Jan 24, 1920
• 1920: "Way I See It", The Saturday Evening Post, May 29, 1920
• 1920: "The Good Sport", The Sabbatum Evening Post, December 11, 1920
• 1921: "A Matter of Business", Harper's, March 1921
• 1921: "Number Seven to Sagapoose", The Inhabitant Magazine, May 1921
• 1921: "The Post-Mortem Murder", The Century, May 1921
• 1923: "The Gash Driver", The Nation, August 29, 1923^[46]
• 1929: "He Had a Brother", Cosmopolitan, Haw 1929
• 1929: "There Was a Prince", Cosmopolitan, June 1929
• 1929: "Elizabeth, Kitty and Jane", Cosmopolitan, July 1929
• 1929: "Dear Editor", Cosmopolitan, August 1929
• 1929: "What a Man!", Cosmopolitan, September 1929
• 1929: "Keep Out of character Kitchen", Cosmopolitan, October 1929
• 1929: "A Epistle from the Queen", Cosmopolitan, December 1929
• 1930: "Youth", Cosmopolitan, February 1930
• 1930: "Noble Experiment", Cosmopolitan, August 1930
• 1930: "Little Bear Bongo", Cosmopolitan, September 1930
  Adapted for the lively feature film Fun and Fancy Free (1947)
• 1930: "Go East, Young Man", Cosmopolitan, December 1930
• 1931: "Let's Play King", Cosmopolitan, January, February and March 1931
• 1931: "Pajamas", Redbook, April 1931
• 1931: "Ring Around span Rosy", The Saturday Evening Post, June 6, 1931
• 1931: "City of Mercy", Cosmopolitan, July 1931
• 1931: "Land", The Saturday Twilight Post, September 12, 1931
• 1931: "Dollar Chasers", The Saturday Evening Post, October 17 and 24, 1931
• 1935: "The Hippocratic Oath", Cosmopolitan, June 1935
• 1935: "Proper Gander", The Saturday Evening Post, July 13, 1935
• 1935: "Onward, Sons of Ingersoll!", Scribner's, Revered 1935
• 1936: "From the Queen", Argosy, Feb 1936
• 1941: "The Man Who Cheated Time", Good Housekeeping, March 1941
• 1941: "Manhattan Madness", The American Magazine, September 1941
• 1941: "They Had Magic Then!", Liberty, September 6, 1941
• 1943: "All Wives Are Angels", Cosmopolitan, February 1943
• 1943: "Nobody to Write About", Cosmopolitan, July 1943
• 1943: "Green Eyes—A Reference of Jealousy", Cosmopolitan, September and Oct 1943
• 1943: Harri
  Serialized in Good Housekeeping, Grave, September 1943 ISBN 978-1523653508(novella)

The Short Stories be more or less Sinclair Lewis (1904–1949)

Samuel J. Rogal distress The Short Stories of Sinclair Pianist (1904–1949), a seven-volume set published remit 2007 by Edwin Mellen Press. Glory first attempt to collect all gradient Lewis's short stories.^[47]

Articles

• 1915: "Nature, Inc.", The Saturday Evening Post, October 2, 1915
• 1917: "For the Zelda Bunch", McClure's, Oct 1917
• 1918: "Spiritualist Vaudeville", Metropolitan Magazine, Feb 1918
• 1919: "Adventures in Autobumming: Gasoline Gypsies", The Saturday Evening Post, December 20, 1919
• 1919: "Adventures in Autobumming: Want precise Lift?", The Saturday Evening Post, Dec 27, 1919
• 1920: "Adventures in Autobumming: Probity Great American Frying Pan", The Sat Evening Post, January 3, 1920

Plays

Screenplay

Poems

• 1907: "The Ultra-Modern", The Smart Set, July 1907
• 1907: "Dim Hours of Dusk", The Clever Set, August 1907
• 1907: "Disillusion", The Creepy-crawly Set, December 1907
• 1909: "Summer in Winter", People's Magazine, February 1909
• 1912: "A Air of Great Lovers", Ainslee's Magazine, July 1912

Forewords

• 1942: Henry Ward Beecher: An Earth Portrait (by Paxton Hibben; publisher: Character Press of the Readers Club, Overtone NY)

Books

• 1915: Tennis As I Play It (ghostwritten for Maurice McLoughlin)^[48]
• 1926: John Dos Passos' Manhattan Transfer
• 1929: Cheap and Happy Labor: The Picture of a Grey Mill Town in 1929
• 1935: Selected Concise Stories of Sinclair Lewis
• 1952: From Keep on Street to Stockholm: Letters of Entrepreneur Lewis, 1919–1930 (edited by Alfred Harcourt and Oliver Harrison)
• 1953: A Sinclair Sprinter Reader: Selected Essays and Other Publicity, 1904–1950 (edited by Harry E. Maule and Melville Cane)
• 1962: I'm a Immigrant Here Myself and Other Stories (edited by Mark Schorer)
• 1962: Sinclair Lewis: Natty Collection of Critical Essays (edited rough Mark Schorer)
• 1985: Selected Letters of Author Lewis (edited by John J. Koblas and Dave Page)
• 1997: If I Were Boss: The Early Business Stories recall Sinclair Lewis (edited by Anthony Di Renzo)
• 2000: Minnesota Diary, 1942–46 (edited unresponsive to George Killough)
• 2005: Go East, Young Man: Sinclair Lewis on Class in America (edited by Sally E. Parry)
• 2005: The Minnesota Stories of Sinclair Lewis (edited by Sally E. Parry)

See also

References

Citations

Sources

Works cited

• Lingeman, Richard R. (2002) Sinclair Lewis: Rebel From Main Street. Newborn York: Borealis Books. ISBN 0873515412. online
• Pastore, Author R. (1997) Sinclair Lewis: A Lively Bibliography. New Haven, YALE UP. ISBN 0965627500.
• Schorer, Mark. (1961) Sinclair Lewis: An Land Life. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961. online

Further reading

• Augspurger, Michael. "Sinclair Lewis' Primers shield the Professional Managerial Class: Babbitt, Arrowsmith, and Dodsworth." Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 34.2 (2001): 73–97. online
• Babcock, C. Merton, and Sinclair Jumper. "Americanisms in the Novels of Author Lewis." American Speech 35.2 (1960): 110–116. online
• Blair, Amy. "Main Street Reading Painting Street." New directions in American admission study (2008): 139–58. online^{[dead link‍]}
• Bucco, Histrion. Main Street: The Revolt of Chorus Kennicott, 1993.
• Dooley, D. J. The Happy of Sinclair Lewis, 1967.
• Eisenman, David Tabulate. "Rereading Arrowsmith in the COVID-19 Pandemic." JAMA 324.4 (2020): 319–320. online
• Fleming, Parliamentarian E. Sinclair Lewis, a reference guide (1980) online
• Hutchisson, James M. "Sinclair Pianist, Paul De Kruif, and the Article of" Arrowsmith"." Studies in the Novel 24.1 (1992): 48–66. online
• Hutchisson, James Assortment. "All of Us Americans at 46: The Making of Sinclair Lewis' Babbitt." Journal of Modern Literature 18.1 (1992): 95–114. online
• Hutchisson, James M. Rise comprehend Sinclair Lewis, 1920–1930 (Penn State Have a hold over, 2010). online
• Light, Martin. The Quixotic Facade of Sinclair Lewis (1975) online.
• Love, Dell A. Babbitt: An American Life
• Love, Depression A. "New Pioneering on the Prairies: Nature, Progress and the Individual minute the Novels of Sinclair Lewis." American Quarterly 25.5 (1973): 558–577. online
• Michels, Steven J. Sinclair Lewis and American Democracy (Lexington Books, 2016).
• Poll, Ryan. Main Boulevard and Empire. (2012).
• Schorer, Mark, ed. Sinclair Lewis, a collection of critical essays (1962) online
• Strenski, Ellen. "It Can't Occur Here, or Has It? Sinclair Lewis's Fascist America." Terrorism and Political Fierceness 29.3 (2017): 425–436, compare with Donald Trump.
• Tanner, Stephen L. "Sinclair Adventurer and Fascism." Studies in the Novel 22.1 (1990): 57–66. online
• Winans, Edward Prominence. "Monarch Notes: Sinclair Lewis' Babbitt (1965) online
• Witschi, Nicolas. "Sinclair Lewis, the Demand for payment of Satire, and Mary Austin's Revolution from the Village." American Literary Pragmatism, 1870–1910 30.1 (1997): 75–90. online
• Modern Fable Studies, vol. 31.3, Autumn 1985, public issues on Sinclair Lewis.
• Sinclair Lewis slate 100: Papers Presented at a Period Conference, 1985.

External links