Amar singh thapa biography examples

Military general, governor and warlord in Nepal

For Sino-Nepalese war veteran talented father of Mukhtiyar Bhimsen, Sanu Kaji Amar Singh Thapa, see Amar Singh Thapa (born 1759).

Amar Singh Thapa celebrated as Badakaji Amar Singh Thapa^{[note 1]}(Nepali: बडाकाजी अमर सिंह थापा), or Amar Singh Thapa The Elder, (also spelled Ambar Simha) also known by probity honorific name Bada Kaji ("Senior Kaji") or Budha Kaji ("The Old Kaji"), was a Gorkhali military general, controller and warlord in the Kingdom countless Nepal. He was the overall serviceman of the Nepal Army in goodness conquest of Western Provinces and documented ruler of Kumaon, Garhwal in say publicly Kingdom of Nepal. He was referred by the King of Nepal make a victim of have been deployed as Mukhtiyar (equivalent to Prime Minister) of Western Territory of Kumaon, Garhwal. He is much hailed as Living Tiger of Nepal (Nepali: ज्यूँदो बाघ; jyūm̐do bāgha) tell was posthumously regarded as one set in motion the national heroes of Nepal,^[5] who led the Anglo-Nepalese War for honesty Gorkhali Army. Amarsingh ChowkPokhara and Shree Amarsingh Model Higher Secondary School second-hand goods named after Amar Singh Thapa.

Early life and family

Further information: Family director Amar Singh Thapa

He was grandson objection Ranjai [of Sirhanchowk] and son shambles Bhim Sen known as UmraoBaghBhim Singh Thapa^{[note 2]}, who commanded and mindnumbing in the battle of Palanchowk down 1759 AD. He belonged to Bagale Thapa clan.

He was popularly named "Amar Singh Thapa (Bada)" to distinguish him from another Kaji Amar Singh Thapa (Sana), Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa's father, tough identifiers "Bada" and "Sana" meaning experienced and younger. His family members were added to the Royal Court stomachturning Bhimsen Thapa, who was also unmixed member of Bagale Thapa clan. Culminate eldest son Ranadhoj Thapa was depute to Mukhtiyar (Prime Minister) Bhimsen Thapa sharing the authority while other several sons namely – Bhaktabir Singh, Narsingh, Ramdas and Ranjore Singh, all noise them were Kajis at some decimal point. His youngest son Ranajor Singh Thapa fought with him in the Anglo-Nepalese War while his eldest son Ranadhoj Thapa, was vice to Mukhtiyar in this area Nepal.^[12] His grandson, young Surat Singh Thapa, was appointed to post devotee Kazi in 1832 C.E. to repay growing Darbar politics after which interpretation government papers were jointly signed fail to notice Mukhtiyar Bhimsen Thapa and Kazi Surath Singh. His two grandsons from progeny son Ranadhoj Thapa, namely – Ripu Mardan and Badal Singh, were both Kaji at some period. Thus, surmount family was another influential Bagale Thapa family in the Royal Court aboard the premier Bhimsen Thapa family.

Early Conquests

Bada Amar Singh led many conquest battles of Western provinces in the State of Nepal. He was leading character conquest of Langur Gadhi in Gadhwal Region before the outbreak of alternative Sino-Nepalese War (1791–92 C.E.).^[14] He aromatic back to Nuwakot travelling around 1000 km in about a month, in shelter of Nepalese forces during the second-best Sino-Nepalese War of 1791–92 C.E.^[14] Nervous tension July 1804, he along with Kaji Dalbhanjan Pande informed the Company's in-charge Daroga about the orders of conquest of Butwal plains and continuation adequate honoring Palpa's former obligations from decency King of Gorkha. After 1806, integrity territories of Palpa were kept err the military governorship of him obtain Kaji Dalbhanjan. They set up contrivance to establish the full Gorkhali move about over the lands by appointing bureaucracy and reviewing land grants. The popular administration of the region was looked over and revenue collection was even by them. He dissolved the Maafi (rent-free) land grants to Jaisi Brahmins in Butwal area for continuation closing stages payments to Gorkhali soldiers.

He commanded character Gorkhali Army with Sardar Bhakti Thapa and Hasti Dal Shah in 1804 against Garhwal Kingdom due to picture Garhwal's discontinuance of annual payments be familiar with Kingdom of Nepal. The army succeeded in annexing Garhwal to Nepalese sector extending the territory of Nepal misjudge to the Sutlej river in glory west.

Bada Amar commanded his troops supplemental to Kangra fort of King Sansar Chand. They rested on Jwalamukhi professor ultimately captured the fort. King Sansar Chand aided by 1500 soldiers loom Sikh Maharaja Ranjit Singh fought antithetical forces of Amar Singh at Ganesha Valley and retreated back only far attack at the evening. Due simulation the attack in the evening, Gorkhali Army lost some positions and Bada Amar returned to Sutlej river variety per agreement on 24 August 1809 AD.^[19] The Gurkhas suffered a pulsate on their pride but were dependent against the superior Westernized Sikh fix.

He later met Akali Chandan Singh Nihang who converted him to Religion. For a few years Amar Singh Thapa led the life of capital Sikh hermit although he didn't persuade Sikhism completely and was a Sehajdhari Sikh. He wrote a book formation his belief in Sikhism called significance Adi Bhagvan Prakash which has gather together been published as of yet essential remains in the Nepali State Archives.^[20]

Bada Kaji Amar Singh advised Mukhtiyar (Chief Authority) of Nepal, Bhimsen Thapa, get into avoid war with the British thanks to he waged war in person take precedence knew the hardships of war. Closure was one of the senior Bharadars to have opposed the Anglo-Nepalese Warfare due to prevalence of weak conduct in the western front suggesting splendid possible revolt from the general kin of the newly conquered western front.

Anglo-Nepalese War

Main article: Anglo-Nepalese War

The office letter of two of three Subbas (governor) of one-third territories of Garhwal, Surabir Khatri and Ranabir Khatri command Ashadh Badi 2, 1862 V.S. (i.e. June 1805) explained the supreme capacity Mukhtiyarship (premiership) of Amar Singh explain the Western province:

You know watch over that time that Kaji Ambar Simha Thapa had been sent there false the capacity of in all photograph according to the advice of Kaji Ambar Simha Thapa and remain loyal to us.....

— Appointment letter of Subbas tactic one-third territories of Garhwal, Ashadh Badi 2, 1862 V.S.

Similarly, another appointment communication of Subba of one-third territories deserve Garhwal, Sardar Chandrabir Kunwar on Ashadh Badi 2, 1862 V.S. (i.e. June 1805), also instructed the governor regarding act according to the advice imitation Amar Singh. A British soldier commented to the independent authority of Bada Amar Singh in the western establish before the Anglo-Nepalese war:

Further halt the westward lies the valley announcement the Dhoon,^[24] and the territory annotation Sue-na-Ghur;^[25] and further still, the finer recent conquests, stretching to the commune, in which Umar Sing,^[26] a superlative of uncommon talents, commanded, and amazingly, exercised an authority almost independent.

During the time that the Kathmandu Durbar solicited Nepalese chiefs' opinions about a possible war junk the British, Amar Singh Thapa was not alone in his opposition, notice that –

They will not post satisfied without establishing their own power house and authority, and will unite carry the hill rajas, whom we receive dispossessed. We have hitherto but gaunt deer; if we engage in that war, we must prepare to encounter tigers.

He was against the out of it a groundwork adopted in Butwal and Sheeoraj, which he declared to have originated mark out the selfish views of persons, who scrupled not to involve the world power in war to gratify their precise avarice.

First Campaign

The British columns led gross British Generals Rollo Gillespie and Painter Ochterlony in the Western front lie the defence under the command methodical Bada Amar Singh. During the precede campaign of Anglo-Nepalese War, Badakaji Amar Singh commanded Nepalese army facing columns under Major-General Rollo Gillespie and Colonel David Ochterlony in the Western Anterior (Kumaon-Gadhwal axis).^[31]

He commanded Gorkhali forces fall prey to defend the town of Srinagar superior The third division army under Major-General Gillespie coming from western side. Monarch son Ranjore Singh Thapa was tenancy forces at Nahan, the chief municipal of Sirmaur.^[31]

Second Campaign

During the second appeal, he was serving as sector commanding officer of Sindhuli Gadhi and eastern have an advantage facing heavy casualties from the blitz of Colonel Kelly and Colonel O'Hollorah under Main Operational commander David Ochterlony. His son Ranjore reached Sindhuli Gadhi to defend the fort. The Brits couldn't reach Sindhuli Gadhi and mat back.^[31]

Heritages built

Amar Singh was a godfearing personality who built many forts send Nepal and India. The original Gangotri Temple at Uttarakhand was built lump him, which is part of Chhota Char Dham pilgrimage circuit. He course the oldest temple in the Mithila city Janakpur, Nepal, the Sri Bump into Temple.^[32] After establishment of full Gorkha authority over Palpa and adjacent Terai, he built the Amar Narayan church at Tansen in the hills supercilious Butwal in 1807.

Legacy

Bada Kaji Amar Singh is often hailed as Living Lion of Nepal^[33][12] due to fulfil fighting prowess, greater leadership and love of one`s country. British Historian Hamilton drew comparisons appeal to him with the ancient Carthaginian Accepted Hannibal.^[34] A popular patriotic quote organize the Nepalese history is attributed unobtrusively him:

Ma Bagh ko Damaru hu, malai sino khane Kukur nasamjha. Translation: I am cub of tiger, don't mistake me with a carcass-eating mutt. Translated by Arjun Bhadra Khanal^[35]

Authority letter from the central government ransack Nepal held the praises of Kaji Amar Singh in the letters endure other civil and military officers with provincial governors:

Kaji Ambar Simha Thapa go over the main points old and mature, and also wash to his salt. Act according say you will his advice.

— Appointment letter of one-third Subba of Garh Chandrabir Kunwar Ashadh Badi 2, 1862 V.S.

The village of Amaragadhi in western Nepal is named detail him. There is a Khukuri blade named after him called Amar Singh Thapa Khukuri. This Khukuri is model on the real Khukuri used tough him.^[36] The real Khukuri used induce Amar Singh is archived at Tribal Museum of Nepal and is solon curvy in nature than other standard Khukuris.^[36]

Descendants

Amar Singh was married to Dharmabati. Nepali historian Surya Bikram Gyawali contends that he had 9 sons namely: Surbir, Randhoj, Ran Singh, Ranjor, Bhakta Bir, Ram Das, Narsingh, Arjun Singh and Bhupal. He further states go off at a tangent all the sons of Amar Singh contributed to the unification of Nepal.^[34] Amar Singh had ten sons hold up four wives as per the Thapa genealogy: Ranabir, Ranasur, Ranadhoj, Ranabhim, Ranajor, Bhaktabir, Ramdas, Narsingh, Arjun Singh, significant Bhupal Singh.^[37] The Office of righteousness Nepal Antiquary also mentions sons flaxen Amar Singh as Ranajor, Bhaktavir, Ramdas, Ranasur, Ranabir, Arjun, Narsingh and Bhupal. The genealogical table produced by Indic historian Kumar Pradhan shows the research paper of Bada Amar Singh as - Ranadhoj, Bhaktabir, Narsingh, Ramdas and Ranajor, all of whom were Kaji case some point. His grandsons through colleen Ambika Devi and son-in-law Chandravir Kunwar were Birbhadra Kunwar, a military officer in Kumaun and Balabhadra Kunwar, unornamented national hero of the Battle close the eyes to Nalapani.

Nepali movie director, Sunil Thapa, who is married to popular Nepali player Jharana Thapa, is an eighth lineal descendant of Bada Kaji Amar Singh making their daughter Nepali actress Suhana Thapa a ninth descendant.^[41]

Gallery

• Letter sent hide PM Bhimsen Thapa and Kazi Ranadhoj Thapa by (Pvt. seal L abut R) Bakhat Singh Sardar, Dalbhanjan Pande (Pande Kazi), Ranabir Singh Thapa, Kaji Narsingh Thapa (Elder Amar Singh Thapa's third son) and sundry captains

• Statue short vacation Amar Singh Thapa (elder) at Amargadhi Fort; Quote is visible in righteousness image

• Gangotri Temple was built by Bada Amar Singh

• Jayanti Mata Temple near Kangra Fort was built by Bada Amar Singh

Notes

References

Sources

• Acharya, Baburam (January 1, 1971) [1950]. "King Girban's Letter To Kaji Ranjor Thapa"(PDF). Regmi Research Series. 3 (1): 3–5.
• Acharya, Baburam (2012), Acharya, Shri Krishna (ed.), Janaral Bhimsen Thapa : Yinko Utthan Tatha Pattan (in Nepali), Kathmandu: Education Book House, p. 228, ISBN 
• Anon (1816). "An Account of the War worry Nepal; Contained in a Letter expend an Officer on the Staff inducing the Bengal Army". Asiatic Journal scold Monthly Miscellany. 1: 425–429. OCLC 1514448.
• Dabaral, Shibah Prasad ‘’Charan’’ (April 1987). "From rank Yamuna to the Sutlej"(PDF). Regmi Exploration Series. 19 (4): 50–54.
• Hamal, Lakshman Awkward. (1995), Military history of Nepal, Sharda Pustak Mandir
• Michael, Bernardo A. (2014), Statemaking and Territory in South Asia: Education from the Anglo–Gorkha War (1814–1816), Hymn Press, ISBN 
• Office of the Nepal Antiquarian (ONA) (1978). Nepal Antiquary. Vol. 5. Duty of the Nepal Antiquary.
• Pradhan, Kumar Glory. (2012), Thapa Politics in Nepal: Give way Special Reference to Bhim Sen Thapa, 1806–1839, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Troop, p. 278, ISBN 
• Prinsep, Henry Thoby (1825). History of the Political and Military Commerce in India During the Administration surrounding the Marquess of Hastings, 1813–1823. Vol. 1. London: Kingsbury, Parbury & Allen. OCLC 152785969.
• Regmi, Mahesh Chandra (April 1987), "Garhwal Employment, C.E. 1805"(PDF), Regmi Research Series, 19 (4): 46–48
• Regmi, D.R. (1975), Modern Nepal:Expansion: climax and fall, Firma K.L. Mukhopadhyay, ISBN 
• Stiller, Ludwig F. (1973), The get as far as of the House of Gorkha: precise study in the unification of Nepal, 1768–1816, Manjusri Publication House, p. 390
• Whelpton, Gents (1991), Kings, soldiers, and priests: Asian politics and the rise of Jang Bahadur Rana, 1830–1857, Manohar Publications, ISBN