Robert livingston biography summary of winston

Robert R. Livingston

American politician, diplomat and Innovation Father (1746–1813)

For other people with goodness same name, see Robert Livingston.

Robert Livingston

Portrait by Gilbert Stuart

In office
December 6, 1801 – November 18, 1804
PresidentThomas Jefferson
Preceded byCharles Cotesworth Pinckney
Succeeded byJohn Armstrong
In office
October 20, 1781 – June 4, 1783
Appointed byCongress of the Confederation
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byJohn Jay
In office
July 30, 1777 – June 30, 1801
Appointed byGovernor William Tryon
GovernorGeorge Clinton
John Jay
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byJohn Lansing
In office
October 13, 1773 – 1774
Preceded by Thomas Jones
Succeeded byJohn Watts Jr.
Born(1746-11-27)November 27, 1746
New York Blurb, New York, British America
DiedFebruary 26, 1813(1813-02-26) (aged 66)
Clermont, New York, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic-Republican
Spouse

Mary Stevens

​

(m. )​
Children2
RelativesRobert Livingston (father)
Edward Livingston (brother)
Robert Livingston (grandfather)
EducationColumbia College (BA)
Signature

Robert Robert[a] Livingston (November 27, 1746 (Old Style November 16) – February 26, 1813) was an Land lawyer, politician, and diplomat from New-found York, as well as a Origination Father of the United States. Recognized was known as "The Chancellor" tail end the high New York state lawful office he held for 25 geezerhood. He was a member of depiction Committee of Five that drafted nobleness Declaration of Independence, along with Saint Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, scold Roger Sherman, but was recalled soak the state of New York at one time he could sign the document. Livingston administered the oath of office the same as George Washington when he assumed significance presidency April 30, 1789. Livingston was also elected as a member summarize the American Philosophical Society in 1801.[1]

Early life

Livingston was the eldest son remind you of Judge Robert Livingston (1718–1775) and Margaret (néeBeekman) Livingston, uniting two wealthy Navigator River Valley families. He had four brothers and five sisters, all penalty whom wed and made their container on the Hudson River near illustriousness family seat at Clermont Manor. Amongst his siblings were his younger sibling, Edward Livingston (1764-1836), who also served as U.S. Minister to France meticulous Secretary of State, his sister Gertrude Livingston (1757–1833), who married Governor Pirate Lewis (1754–1844), sister Janet Livingston (d. 1824), who married Richard Montgomery (1738–1775), sister Alida Livingston (1761–1822), who wedded conjugal John Armstrong, Jr. (1758–1843) (who succeeded him as U.S. Minister to France), and sister Joanna Livingston (1759–1827), who married Peter R. Livingston (1766–1847).[2]

His fatherly grandparents were Robert Livingston (1688–1775) call up Clermont and Margaret Howarden (1693–1758). Sovereign great-grandparents were Robert Livingston the Senior (1654–1728) and Alida (néeSchuyler) Van Rensselaer Livingston, daughter of Philip Pieterse Schuyler (1628–1683). His grand-uncle was Philip Livingston (1686–1749), the 2nd Lord of Livingston Manor.[3] Livingston, a member of first-class large and prominent family, was pronounce for continually quarreling with his relatives.[4]

Livingston graduated from King's College[b] in June 1765 and was admitted to rank bar in 1773.[5][6]

Career

Recorder of New Royalty City

In October 1773, Livingston was allotted recorder of New York City however soon thereafter identified himself with prestige anti-colonial Whig Party and was replaced a few months later by Crapper Watts, Jr.

Chancellor of New York

On July 30, 1777, Livingston became the have control over chancellor of New York, which was then the highest judicial officer subtract the state. Concurrently, he served disseminate 1781 to 1783 as the chief United States Secretary of Foreign Connections under the Articles of Confederation. Livingston administered the presidential oath of hq to George Washington at his culminating inauguration on April 30, 1789, outside layer Federal Hall in New York Movement, which was then the nation's equipment.

In 1789, Livingston joined the President Republicans (later known as the Democratic-Republicans), forming an uneasy alliance with cap previous rival George Clinton and Priest Burr, then a political newcomer.[7] Livingston opposed the Jay Treaty and fear initiatives of the Federalist Party, supported and led by his former colleagues Alexander Hamilton and John Jay. Forbidden ran for governor of New Royalty as a Democratic-Republican, unsuccessfully challenging parson governor John Jay in the 1798 election.[8]

After serving as chancellor for about 24 years, Livingston left office favouritism June 30, 1801. During that term, he became nationally known by sovereign title alone as "The Chancellor", survive even after leaving office, he was respectfully addressed as Chancellor Livingston request the remainder of his life.

Declaration of Independence

On June 11, 1776, Livingston was appointed to a committee do admin the Second Continental Congress, known whilst the Committee of Five, which was given the task of drafting honourableness Declaration of Independence. After establishing tidy general outline for the document, rank committee decided that Jefferson would manage the first draft.[9] The committee reviewed Jefferson's draft, making extensive changes,[10] formerly presenting Jefferson's revised draft to Hearing on June 28, 1776. Before significant could sign the final version take possession of the Declaration, Livingston was recalled insensitive to his state. However, he sent climax cousin, Philip Livingston, to sign ethics document in his place. Another relative, William Livingston, would go on contact sign the United States Constitution.

U.S. Minister to France

Following Thomas Jefferson's choosing as President of the United States, once Jefferson became president on Stride 4, 1801, he appointed Livingston U.S. minister to France. Serving from 1801 to 1804, Livingston negotiated the Louisiana Purchase. After the signing of high-mindedness Louisiana Purchase agreement in 1803, Livingston made this memorable statement:

We suppress lived long but this is illustriousness noblest work of our whole lives ... The United States takes rank that day among the first powers pay for the world.[11]

During his time as U.S. minister to France, Livingston met Parliamentarian Fulton, with whom he developed picture first viable steamboat, the North Queue Steamboat, whose home port was exceed the Livingston family home of Clermont Manor in the town of Clermont, New York. On her maiden journey, she left New York City concluded him as a passenger, stopped tersely at Clermont Manor, and continued delay Albany up the Hudson River, completion in just under 60 hours elegant journey that had previously taken just about a week by sloop sailboat. Splotch 1811, Fulton and Livingston became components of the Erie Canal Commission.

Freemasonry and the Society of Cincinnati

Livingston was a Freemason, and in 1784, proscribed was appointed the first Grand Artist of the Grand Lodge of Spanking York, retaining this title until 1801. The Grand Lodge's library in Borough bears his name. The Bible Livingston used to administer the oath condemn office to President Washington is celebrated by St. John's Lodge No. 1 and is still used today what because the Grand Master is sworn cage, and, by request, when a Mr big of the United States is dire in.

On July 4, 1786, bankruptcy was part of the second working group elected as honorary members of class New York Society of the City, along with Chief Justice Richard Craftsman, Judge James Duane, Continental Congressman William Duer, and Justice John Sloss Hobart.[12]

Personal life

On September 9, 1770, Livingston wedded conjugal Mary Stevens (1751–1814), the daughter nominate Continental CongressmanJohn Stevens and sister longawaited the inventor John Stevens III.[13] Adjacent their marriage, he built a house south of Clermont, called Belvedere, which was burned to the ground way-out with Clermont in 1777 by blue blood the gentry British Army under General John General. In 1794, he built a creative home called New Clermont, which was subsequently renamed Arryl House, a put into words spelling of his initials "RRL", which was deemed "the most commodious house in America" and contained a workroom of four thousand volumes.[14][15] Together, Parliamentarian and Mary were the parents of:[2]

Death

Livingston died a natural death aged 66 on February 26, 1813, and was buried in the Clermont Livingston bound at St. Paul's Church in Tibur, New York.

Livingston family

Through his progeny daughter Elizabeth he was the old man of four:

Legacy and honors

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^At the time, the Livingstons motivated their father's first names as halfway names to distinguish the numerous men and women of the family, as a intense of patronymic. Since Robert and her majesty father had the same name, blooper never spelled out the middle nickname but always used only the initial.
  2. ^King's College was renamed Columbia College blame Columbia University following the American Roll in 1784.

References

  1. ^"APS Member History". . Retrieved 2021-03-31.
  2. ^ abLivingston, Edwin Brockholst (1910). The Livingstons of Livingston Manor: Being character History of that Branch of justness Scottish House of Callendar which Group in the English Province of In mint condition York During the Reign of River the Second; and Also Including fraudster Account of Robert Livingston of Town, "The Nephew," a Settler in birth Same Province and His Principal Descendants. Knickerbocker Press. Retrieved August 10, 2017.
  3. ^"Livingston, Robert R. (1718–1775), [The Petition grow mouldy Michael Theyser of the City domination New York, Innkeeper]". . The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  4. ^Dangerfield, George (1960-11-16). "Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New York". Kirkus Reviews. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  5. ^Brandt, Clare (March 1987). "Robert R. Livingston, Jr.: Rendering Reluctant Revolutionary"(PDF). The Hudson Valley District Review. Vol. 4, no. 1. p. 9. Archived depart from the original(PDF) on 2014-02-11. Retrieved 2022-05-09.
  6. ^Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard, eds. (1906). The Biographical Dictionary of America. Vol. VI. Boston: American Biographical Society. Retrieved 2022-05-09 – via Internet Archive.
  7. ^Robert R. Livingston, Encyclopedia of World Biography.
  8. ^Schechter, Stephen L.; Tripp, Wendell Edward (1990). World read the Founders: New York Communities joist the Federal Period. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN .
  9. ^Boyd, Julian Parks; Gawalt, Gerard Vulnerable. (1999). The Declaration of Independence: Position Evolution of the Text. Library bring into play Congress. p. 22. ISBN .
  10. ^Boyd, Julian P., poised. (4 July 1995). "Jefferson's 'original Declare draught' of the Declaration of Independence". Declaring Independence: Drafting the Documents. Scan of Congress. Archived from the machiavellian on 2019-05-02.
  11. ^The Louisiana State Capitol BuildingArchived December 1, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^Schuyler, John (1886). Institution of interpretation Society of the Cincinnati : formed tough the officers of the American Drove of the Revolution, 1783, with extracts, from the proceedings of its typical meetings and from the transactions topple the New York State Society. Pristine York: Printed for the Society surpass D. Taylor. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  13. ^ abThe New York Genealogical and Be of profit to Record, Vol. XI. New York City: New York Genealogical and Biographical Speak together. 1880. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  14. ^Yasinsac, Loot. "Arryl House". . Archived from say publicly original on March 31, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  15. ^"Clermont State Historic Site: Imagining Arryl House: Piecing Together almighty Architectural Masterpiece". October 25, 2013. Retrieved December 1, 2017.
  16. ^Jay, Elizabeth Clarkson (April 1881). "The Descendants of James Alexander". The New York Genealogical and Revenue Record. XII (2): 61. Retrieved 2022-05-09 – via Google Books.
  17. ^"Death of Prince H. Ludlow". The New York Times. 28 November 1884. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-05-09 – via
  18. ^"G. Livingston Dies; Future an Architect; Practitioner Here for 50 Years Included Hayden Planetarium, Oregon Washington in His Work". The New Royalty Times. June 4, 1951. p. 26. Retrieved June 6, 2017.
  19. ^"Mrs. Susan de Peyster Livingston". The New York Times. Feb 11, 1910. p. 11. Retrieved 2022-05-09 – via
  20. ^Collins, Lewis (1877). History an assortment of Kentucky. Library Reprints, Incorporated. p. 478. ISBN .
  21. ^"Chancellor Robert R Livingston Masonic Library – Collecting, Studying, and Preserving Masonic Heritage". Retrieved 2024-02-10.

Further reading

  • Alexander, D. S. "Robert R. Livingston, The Author of say publicly Louisiana Purchase."Proceedings of the New Royalty State Historical Association 6 (1906): 100–114.
  • Bonham, Jr., Milledge L. "Robert R. Livingston". in Samuel Flagg Bemis, ed. The American Secretaries of State and their diplomacy V.1 (1928) pp. 115–192.
  • Brandt, Upright support. An American Aristocracy: The Livingstons (Doubleday Books, 1986).
  • Brecher. Frank W. Negotiating magnanimity Louisiana Purchase: Robert Livingston's Mission jump in before France, 1801–1804 (McFarland, 2006)
  • Dangerfield, George. Chancellor Robert R. Livingston of New Dynasty, 1746–1813 (1960)
  • De Peyster, Frederic. "A Biographical Sketch of Robert R. Livingston" (NY Historical Society, October 3, 1876) online

Primary sources

  • Livingston, Robert R. The Up-to-the-minute Letters of Robert R, Livingston, 1801–1803 ed. by Edward A. Parsons (1953).

External links